تکنیک‌های تغذیه گیاهان دارویی در سیستم‌های زراعی ایران
الموضوعات :
1 - بخش تحقیقات جنگلها، مراتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران.
2 - بخش تحقیقات جنگلها، مراتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تغذیه, تغییرات pH, خاک آهکی, کودهای زیستی, گیاهان دارویی,
ملخص المقالة :
ایران با برخورداری از سابقه تاریخی و استعدادهای بالقوه جغرافیایی، اقلیمی و تنوع گونه‌های گیاهی می‌تواند پاسخگوی نیازهای جامعه بشری در زمینه گیاهان دارویی باشد. اهمیت، جایگاه و نقش رو به تزاید گیاهان دارویی در مدیریت پایدار به خصوص در ابعاد کلان توسعه اقتصادی، زیست محیطی، بهداشتی (خود کفایی دارویی)، اشتغال، امنیت غذایی و ذخایر ژنتیکی در عرصه ملی و جهانی به حدی است که می‌توان امروزه روند تعمیق، احیاء و نقش آنرا به ویژه در تامین دارو به عنوان یکی از شاخصه های توسعه در کشور مدنظر قرار داد. یکی از مشکلات عمده زراعت این گیاهان، فقدان تغذیه مناسب است. لذا با توجه به وضعیت نامناسب خاک‌های ایران به دلیل کشت و کار مداوم، گیاهان دارویی در هنگام رشد و نمو با اختلال روبرو می‌شوند. اما راه برون‌رفت از این مشکل، شناخت وضعیت پیچیده خاک و آگاهی از اصول و روش‌های تغذیه‌گیاهی است. حذف مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در کشاورزی و کاهش مخاطرات زیست محیطی آنها، نیازمند بکارگیری دیگر تکنیک‌های زراعی است. از جمله این تکنیک‌ها، که باعث افزایش کیفیت و عملکرد در جهت تولید محصولات کشاورزی سالم به ویژه گیاهان دارویی گردید، استفاده از کودهای آلی، کود سبز، بقایای حیوانی و گیاهی، میکروارگانیسم‌های مفید خاکزی تحت عنوان کودهای زیستی (Bacillus licheniformis،Nitroxin ، Azospirillum ،Azotobacter و Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) است. لذا نظر به اهمیت موضوع، این تحقیق سعی دارد تا مروری بر اصول تغذیه گیاهان دارویی در ایران داشته باشد.
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