تاثیر مرحله فنولوژیک، روش خشکاندن و مدت زمان تقطیر بر بازده اسانس مرمرشک (Salvia macrosiphon) و فراسیون‌سفید (Marrubium vulgare)
الموضوعات :نجمه اسکندری دامنه 1 , مجید آجورلو 2 , احمد پهلوانروی 3 , منصور غفاری مقدم 4
1 - گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، ایران
2 - گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، ایران
3 - گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، ایران.
4 - دانشگاه زابل - دانشکده علوم
الکلمات المفتاحية: تقطیر با آب, خشکاندن گیاهان دارویی, مرحله بذردهی, مرحله رشد رویشی, مرحله گلدهی, مریم‌گلی لوله‌ای, مراتع دلفارد شهرستان جیرفت,
ملخص المقالة :
بازده اسانس گیاهان دارویی می‌تواند براساس ویژگی‌های ژنتیکی و فیزیولوژیکی، مرحله فنولوژیکی، موقعيت جغرافيايي رویشگاه، روش خشکاندن و مدت زمان عصاره‌گیری تفاوت ¬کند. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تغییرات کمّی و کیفی مواد مؤثره مرمرشک یا مریم‌گلی لوله‌ای (Salvia macrosiphon) و فراسیون سفید (Marrubium vulgare) در مراحل مختلف فنولوژی، تعیین بهترین زمان برداشت اندام¬های دارویی آنها، تعیین مناسبترین روش خشکاندن و مدت زمان تقطیر با آب بود. نمونه‌برداری از دو گونه در مراتع منطقه دلفارد از توابع شهرستان جیرفت به روش تصادفی در سه مرحله فنولوژیکِ رشد رویشی، گلدهی و بذردهی در سه رویشگاه انجام شد. اسانس نمونه¬ها با دستگاه کلونجر به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج و ترکیبات اصلی تشکیل دهنده اسانس توسط روش کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مشخص شد. تغییر مرحله فنولوژیک بر بازده اسانس هر دو گونه اثر معنی‌دار داشت. در هر دو گونه، بیشترین بازده اسانس در مرحله گلدهی و کمترین بازده در مرحله بذردهی بود (05/0P ) .در اسانس فراسیون سفید 34 ترکیب شیمیایی و در اسانس مرمرشک 20 ترکیب شیمیایی شناسایی شد. روش خشکاندن تآثیر معنی‌داری بر مقدار بازده اسانس داشت (05/0P < ). بیشترین بازده اسانس در نمونه¬های خشک شده در سایه و کمترین بازده مربوط به نمونه¬های خشک شده در آون بود. بازده اسانس در مدت زمان 3 ساعت تقطیر دارای بیشترین مقدار و در زمان 1 ساعت کمترین مقدار بود (05/0P < ). این مطالعه پزارش می کند مرحله گلدهی (اواسط اردیبهشت) مناسبترین زمان برای برداشت اندام‌های هوایی هر دو گونه در مراتع منطقه دلفارد شهرستان جیرفت است. همچنین، بهترین روش برای خشکاندن اندام‌های دارویی دو گونه، قراردادن آنها سایه، و مناسبترین مدت تقطیر برای استخراج اسانس آنها، 3 ساعت است.
Amin, G. 1991. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine of Iran. Publications of the Research Deputy of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 104 p.
Amritpal, S., Herbal, C., and Chandigarh, I.S. 2008. A Note on variation of active principles in Indian medicinal plants and TIM formulations. Ethnobotanical leaflet. 12: 603-606.
Arslan, D., and Musa Özcan, M. 2008. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying kinetics, mineral content and color characteristics of rosemary leaves. Energy Conversion and Management. 49(5): 1258-1264.
Asekun OT, Grierson DS, and Afolayan AJ. 2007. Effects of drying methods on the quality and quantity of the essential oil of Mentha longifoliaL. subsp Capensis. Food Chemistry. 101: 995-998.
Bakhshi Khaniki, Gh. and Lari Yazdi, H. 2009. The survey of essential oils composition in Salvia limbate & Salvia macrosiphon. Biology. 4(1): 33-42.
Barazandeh, M.M. 2005. The Effect of method and time of distillation on the essential oil yield and composition of Eucalyptus globulus. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 21(1): 75-93.
Cirak, C., Radusienes, J., Janulis, V., and Ivanauskas, L. 2007. Secondary metabolites in Hypericum perfoliatum variation among plant parts and phonological stages. Botanica Helvatica. 117: 29 -36.
Dehghan, Z., Sefidkon, F., Bakhshi Khaniki, G., and Kalvandi, R. 2010. Effects of some ecological factors on essential oil content and composition of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. rigida (Boiss.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 26(1), 49-63.
Doosti, B. 2007. Investigating the structure, ultrastructure and development of glandular hairs of Saturea khuzistanica and analyzing the components of the essential oil during the vegetative and reproductive stages of the plant and its antimicrobial properties. PhD Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Unit, Tehran, 137 p.
Ebadi, M.T., Rahmati, M., Azizi, M., Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M. and Darkhah, A..2013. The effects of different drying methods on drying time, essential oil content and composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 29(2): 425-437.
Ebn-E-Abbasi, R. and Saedi, K. 2009. Quantitative study of some micro elements of three important range species in different phenological stages in Saral, Kurdistan province. Journal of Rangeland. 3(1): 69-78.
Ghani A. and Azizi M. 2009. The effect of different drying methods on quantity and quality characteristics of five Yarrow species (Achillea). The Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture). 23(1), 1-11.
Ghannadi, A., Samsam-shariat, S. H. and Moattar, F. 1999. Composition of the leaf oil of Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. Grown in Iran. Journal of Essential oil Research. 1:745-746.
Gohari, AR., Ebrahimi, H., Saeidnia, S., Foruzani, M., Ebrahimi, P. and Ajani, Y. 2011. Flavones and Flavone Glycosides from Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. Journal of pharmaceutical Research. 10(2): 247-251.
Habibzadeh M, Sefidkon F, and Fatemi Sh. 2012. The effects of different mesh sizes, methods and periods of distillation on essential oil content and composition of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 28(2): 224-234.
Ibtissem, H. S., Maamouri, E. Chahed, T., Wannes, W. A. Kchouk, M. and Marzouk, B. 2009. Effect of growth stage on the content and composition of the essential oil and phenolic fraction of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.). Industrial Crop and Production. 30: 395-402.
Imani, y. 2005. Investigation on Essential Oil Content of Melissa officinalis during Growth Period in Malekan and Arasbaran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 21(2): 123-129.
Karimi, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Malekpoor, F. and Yousefi, M. 2010. Evaluation of ecotype and chemotype diversity of Thymus daenensis Celak. on Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provinces. Journal of Medicinal Herbs. 1(3): 1-10.
Kayhani, A., Sefidkon, F., and Monfared, A. 2014. The effect of drying and distillation methods on essential oil content and composition of Satureja sahendica Bornm. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 30(2), 239-249.
Kazemi, F. 2000. The effect of different methods of drying and extracting essential oils on the amount and constituents of essential oils of Roman chamomile flowers of Floraplena cultivar. MSc thesis. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran.
Majnoon Hosseini, N. and Davazdah Emami, S. 2009. Cultivation and production of some medicinal and spice plants. Tehran University press.
Majrouhi A. 2009. Research of changes in quantities and qualities of leaf volatile oils of Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo in different stages of growth. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 8 (29):107-113.
Maric, S., Maksimovic, M., and Milos, M. 2006. The Impact of the Locality Altitudes and Stages of Development on the Volatile Constituents of Salvia officinalis L. from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 18(2), 178–180.
Martinov, M., and Oztekin S. 2007. Medicinal and Aromatic Crops (Harvesting, Drying, and Processing), 1st Edition. CRC Press, 320p.
Mirza, M. and Najafpour Navaei, M.D. 2016. The effect of extraction time on essential oil composition of 4 genotype of Rosa damascene Mill. Eco-phytochemical of Medicinal plants. 2(4): 23-32.
Mohtashami S, Babalar M, ebrahim zadeh mosavi M, Mirjalili M, and Adib J. 2012. Effect of farming conditions and drying methods on the drying period, essential oil quantity, color and microbial loads of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 43(2): 243-254.
Msaada, K., Hosni, K., Taarit, M.B., Ouchikh, O. and Marzouk, B. 2009. Variations in essential oil composition during maturation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 33: 603-612.
Naderi Hajibagheri kandi, M, Sefidkon F, Azizi A, and Pourheravi M.R. 2011. The influence of different distillation times on essential oil content and composition of Laurus nobilis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 27((2): 249-260.
Naghdibadi, H., Yazdani, D., Sajed, M. A. and Nazari, F. 2004. Effect of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quautity / quality of oil in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Industrial Crop and Production, 19: 231-236.
Neffati A, Limem I, Kilani S, Bouhlel I, Skandrani I, Bhouri W, Ben Sghaier M, Boubaker J, Ledauphin J, Barillier D, Ghedira LC, and Ghedira K. 2009. A comparative evaluation of mutagenic, antimutagenic, radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of essential oils of Pituranthos chloranthus (Coss. et Dur.). Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 32(4):372-80.
Nejad Ebrahimi, S., Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M. H., Sonboli, A., and Yousefzadi, M. 2008. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus caramanicus at different phenologycal stages. Food chemistry. 110: 927-931.
Omidbaigi, R. (2005). Production and processing of medicinal plants. 1st Edition, Astan Quds Razavi Press, Tehran. 348 p.
Omidbaigi, R. 2003. Production and processing of medicinal plants. 3rd volume, 3rd edition, Astan Quds Razavi Press, 397 p.
Omidbaigi, R., Rezalo, A. and Hadi, N. 2009. Investigating the phenology of Angelica archangelica L. in Zardband region of Tehran. The 6th Congress of Horticultural Sciences of Iran.
Rahmati M, azizi M, Ebadi M. T., and Hassanzadeh Khayyat M. 2010. Effect of various drying methods on weight loss rate essential oil quantity, and kamazolen percent in Matricaria recutita. Journal of Horticultural Science. 24(1): 29-37.
Rezaee, MB., Jaimand, K., Majd, A. and Maddah, M. 2002. Effect of harvesting time on quality and quantity of essential oil from different organs of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 11(1): 11-23.
Sajjadi, A., Emami, A., and Nemati, R. 2000. Composition of the essential oil of Salvia macrosiphone Boiss. Pharmaceutical Sciences. 3: 51-56.
Sefidkon, F., Mirza, M. and Javidtash, I. 2000. Essential oil composition of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. From Iran. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing plant, 8(2): 126-129.
Shakeri, H., Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M., Maleki, A., Ghasemi, A., & Hosseinzadeh Samani, B. (2017). Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality and Quantity of the Essential Oil of Tanacetum Parthenium L.). Iranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 48(1), 172-165.
Tajali, A.A. and Sadeghipour, O. 2010. Influence of phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys schtschegleevii. 4(1): 130-139.
Tavares A.C., Goncalves, M.J., Cavaleiro, C., Cruz, M.T., Lopes, M.C., Canhoto, J., and Salgueiro, L.R. 2008. Essential oil of Daucus carota subsp. halophilus: composition, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119:129-134.
Venskutonis, PR. 1997. Effect of drying on the volatile constituents of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and sage (Saliva officinalis L.). Food Chemistry. 59(2): 219-277.
Wang, L., Li, M., Jin, W., Zhang, Sh., and Yu, L. 2009. Variation in the components of Osmanhus fragrans Lour essential oil at different stages of flowering. Food Chemistry, 114: 233-236.
Yousefzadeh, S., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M., Sefidkon, F., Asgarzadeh, A. and Ghalavand, A. 2011. Effects of different harvest time on essential oil content and composition of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 26(4): 45-58.
Zargari, A. 1997. Medicinal plants. Tehran University Press.
