آللوپاتی و مکانیسم های فیزیولوژیک اثر بخشی آن در گیاهان
الموضوعات :حمزه امیری 1 , حسین محمدی محتشم 2
1 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: آللوشیمیایی, ترکیبات فنلی, علف هرز, تولید غذا, کشاورزی مدرن ,
ملخص المقالة :
متعادل کردن بهره‌وری محصولات کشاورزی با پایداری محیط‌زیست یکی از چالش‌های اصلی کشاورزی در سراسر جهان است. ظهور علف‌های هرز مقاوم به علف‌کش‌های مصنوعی خسارات اقتصادی زیادی ایجاد می‌کند، بنابراین استراتژی‌های کنترل علف‌های هرز در کشاورزی مدرن بسیار موردنیاز است. استفاده از ویژگی آللوپاتی گیاهان آللوپات می‌تواند نقش مهمی در مدیریت و کنترل علف‌های هرز ایفا کند. این گیاهان از طریق تولید و ترشح متابولیت‌هایی که به محیط اطراف خـود رهـا (آزاد) می‌کننـد تأثیر منفی بر جوانه‌زنی و رشد علف‌های هرز مجاورگذاشته و از این طریق رشد و تراکم آنها را محدود می‌کننـد. لـذا استفاده از این نوع گیاهان و یا بقایای آنها می‌تواند موجب کاهش مصرف علف‌کش‌ها شیمیایی شـود. گنجاندن یک رویکرد طبیعی دوستدار محیط زیست یا همان آللوپاتی به‌عنوان ابزاری در جهت کنترل علف‌های هرز با رشد محصولات خاص یا سم‌پاشی مزارع با عصاره‌های حاوی ترکیبات آللوپاتیک می‌تواند به طور قابل‌توجهی استفاده از علف‌کش‌های شیمیایی را کاهش دهد. آللوپاتی به‌عنوان یک پدیده چندبعدی در نظر گرفته می‌شود که به طور مداوم در اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی و انسانی رخ می‌دهد و به‌وسیله آن یک ارگانیسم مواد بیوشیمیایی تولید می‌کند که بر رشد، بقا، توسعه و تولیدمثل موجودات دیگر تأثیر می‌گذارد.
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