اثرات غلظت¬های مختلف سرب بر برخی از پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه برنج (Oryza sativa L.)
الموضوعات :جواد صلواتی 1 , هرمز فلاح 2 , یوسف نیک نژاد 3 , داوود براری تاری 4
1 - گروه زراعت، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران،
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه اگروتکنولوژی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: برنج, تنش اکسیداتیو, تنش سرب, متابولیسم پرولین, متابولیسم کلروفیل,
ملخص المقالة :
سرب (Pb) نه تنها رشد و عملکرد گیاه را تغییر می دهد بلکه ممکن است خطرات بالقوه سمی برای سلامتی انسان داشته باشد. در تحقیق حاضر، تاثیر غلظت¬های مختلف سرب (150 و 300 میکرومولار) بر رشد و فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه برنج تحت شرایط هیدروپونیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان دادند که تیمارهای سرب با تاثیر منفی بر متابولیسم کلروفیل، باعث کاهش رنگیزه¬های فتوسنتزی و در نتیجه، کاهش رشد و بیومس گیاه برنج شد. تنش سرب با افزایش تجمع پراکسید هیدروژن و متیل گلی اکسال، باعث القای تنش اکسیداتیو و آسیب به غشاهای زیستی شد. افزایش غلظت سرب باعث افزایش تجمع سرب در گیاه برنج شد که با افزایش تجمع پرولین و فیتوکلاتین¬ها همراه بود. فعالیت آنزیم¬های آنتی اکسیدان و چرخه گلی اکسالاز در برگ گیاه برنج تحت سمیت سرب افزایش یافت. تیمارهای سرب باعث تغییر سطح ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان غیرآنزیمی (گلوتاتیون و آسکوربیک اسید) در برگ گیاه برنج شد بطوری‌که باعث کاهش نسبت¬های آسکوربیک اسید احیاشده به اکسید شده و گلوتاتیون احیاشده به اکسیده شده نسبت به گیاهان شاهد شد. بنابراین، غلظت¬های 150 و 300 میکرومولار سرب در خاک می¬تواند تاثیرات منفی بر فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی و متابولیک¬های مهم گیاه برنج القا کند که باعث کاهش رشد و بیومس گیاه شود.
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