فراگيري مالي و رشد اقتصادی؛ تحليل بين كشوري
الموضوعات :
اکرم قریشوندی ابراک
1
(دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران، ghoreyshvandia@gmail.com)
صالح قویدل
2
(دانشیار اقتصاد، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)، salehghavidel421@gmail.com)
مسعود صوفی مجیدپور
3
( استادیار اقتصاد، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران، masoodsoufi@gmail.com)
الکلمات المفتاحية: فراگيري مالي , رشد اقتصادی, کشورهای با درآمد بالا, کوانتایل, محیط کلان,
ملخص المقالة :
فراگيري مالي از محرک‌های اصلی رشد اقتصادی است .هدف این مقاله ارزیابی اثر فراگيري مالي بر رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای با درآمد بالا (59 کشور) در دوره 2021-2004 با استفاده از روش پنل دیتاست. در این مطالعه فراگيري مالي از سه بعد نفوذ بانکی، در دسترس بودن خدمات بانکی و استفاده از خدمات مالی اندازه‌گیری می‌شود. این ابعاد نتایج بهتری برای درک رابطه فراگيري مالی - رشد اقتصادی ارائه می‌دهد. بر حسب سنجه‌های فراگيري، تفاوت معناداری در میان کشورها وجود دارد. با وجود این از نظر محیط کلان اقتصادی از شرایط مطلوب برخوردارند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد همگرایی اندک در میان کشورها وجود دارد. همچنین، برخی ابعاد فراگيري مالي بر رشد اقتصادی اثر مثبت دارند. در این راستا، ضریب نفوذ دسترسی به بانک و تسهیلات پیامد مثبت دارند. ولی ضریب نفوذ دستگاه خودپرداز و تعمیق مالی اثر منفی داشته‌اند. محیط کلان اقتصادی (سرمایه، نرخ تورم، نرخ بیکاری، باز بودن اقتصاد) چشم‌انداز مثبت زندگی (امید به زندگی) و روند جمعیتی (نرخ رشد جمعیت) از عوامل مؤثر بر رشد اقتصادی این کشورها هستند. بهره¬برداری از ابزارهای جدید بانکداری مانند اینترنت بانک و همراه بانک برای گسترش فراگيري مالي به-ویژه در مناطق کم برخوردار، ارائه خدمات متنوع از طریق شعب، گسترش بانکداری خرد، بهره‌برداری از اپلیکشن‌های ساده و متناسب با توانمندی‌های مردم نقش کانونی در توسعه و تعمیق فراگيري مالي به همراه رشد اقتصادی خواهند داشت.
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