Effect of Baking Methods Types on Residues of Heavy Metals in the Different Breads Produced with Wheat Flour in Iran: A Case Study of Mashhad
الموضوعات :Sajjad Ghasemi 1 , Mohammad Hashemi 2 , Mahdi Gholian Aval 3 , Saeed Khanzadi 4 , Mohammad Safarian 5 , Arezoo Orooji 6 , Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany 7
1 - Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4 - Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
5 - Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
6 - Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
7 - Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Bread, Heavy metals, Baking methods, Traditional process, Industrial process,
ملخص المقالة :
Food contamination with heavy metals is the main concern for human health that increases globally. Bread wheat is one of the most important grain products for human consumption. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of baking methods on residues of heavy metals in the different breads produced with wheat flour in Mashhad, Iran. A total of 180 samples of different breads produced in 90 bakery shops in Mashhad was analyzed for some heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Co, As, Al, V, Cd, and Ni) by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results showed that the average concentration of Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, and Cd in some bread samples were significantly (p<0.05) different between traditional and industrial baking processes. The average concentrations of the entire test of Fe (46.35±39.78 mg.kg-1), Cr (0.28±0.33 mg.kg-1), Al (3.49±1.89 mg.kg-1), and As (0.479±0.229 mg.kg-1) were higher than the current corresponding safety limit in all type of bread. The results obtained indicated that the government requires implementing more remediation or intervention to control and mitigating the contamination burden of heavy metals in traditional bread in the study area to reduce its associated risks for human health.
1. Feyzi Y., Malekirad A., Fazilati M., Salavati H., Habibollahi S., Rezaei M., 2017. Metals that are Important for Food Safety control of bread Product. Advances in Bioresearch. 8 (2), (112-134)
2. Hajimohammadi B., Mali A., Mossadegh Mehrjardi M., Yasini Ardakani S., Jahed-Khaniki G., Rahimzade A., 2015. A Survey on Lead and Cadmium Content in Bread Produced in Yazd. Tolooebehdasht. 14 (4), 36-44.
3. Magomya A., Yebpella G., Udiba U., Amos H., Latayo M., 2013. Potassium bromate and heavy metal content of selected bread samples produced in Zaria, Nigeria. Int j of Science and Technology. 2(2), 232-237.
4. Naghipour D., Amouei A., Nazmara S., 2014. A comparative evaluation of heavy metals in the different breads in iran: A case study of rasht city. Health Scope. 3(17-28)
5. Oyekunle J., Adekunle A., Ogunfowokan A., Olutona G., Omolere O., 2014. Bromate and trace metal levels in bread loaves from outlets within Ile-Ife Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria. Toxicology Reports. 1, 224-230.
6. Kianpoor S., Sobhanardakani S., 2017. Evaluation of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in wheat and bread consumed in Hamedan city. Food Hygiene. 7 (4 (28)), 83-92.
7. Aalipour Hafshejani F., Mahdavi Hafshejani F., Aalipour Hafshejani M., Mohammadi R., 2020. Determination of pH, Salt, Sodium and Potassium Content in the Traditional Bread in western Iran. Journal of Nutrition, Fasting and Health. 8(2), 135-140.
8. Demirözü B., Saldamlı İ., Gürsel B., Ucak A., Çetınyokuş F., Yüzbaşı N., 2003. Determination of some metals which are important for food quality control in bread. Journal of Cereal Science. 37(2), 171-177.
9. Sotoudeh A., Parivar P., 2016. Applying resilience thinking to select more sustainable urban development scenarios in Shiraz, Iran. Scientia Iranica. 23(5), 1975-1983.
10. Xiong B., Xu T., Li R., Johnson D., Ren D., Liu H., Xi Y., Huang Y., 2020. Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment of crayfish collected from cultivated and uncultivated ponds in the Middle Reach of Yangtze River. Science of The Total Environment. 739, 139963.
11. Borgheipour H., Eskandari D., Barkhordari A., Tehrani M., 2020. Predicting the relationship between safety climate and safety performance in cement industry. work(Preprint), 1-9.
12. Jahangiri K., Borgheipour H., Gendeshmin S. B., Matin A., Tehrani G.M., 2019. Site selection criteria for temporary sheltering in urban environment. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment.13(2), 16-29.
13. Sany S.B.T., Narimani L., Soltanian F.K., Hashim R., Rezayi M., Karlen D.J., Mahmud H.E., 2016. An overview of detection techniques for monitoring dioxin-like compounds: latest technique trends and their applications. RSC Advances. 6(60), 55415-55429.
14. Tehrani G.M., Rosli H., Sulaiman A., Sany B.T., Salleh A., Owfi F., Savari A., Jazani R.K., Tehrani Z., 2014. Petroleum hydrocarbon assessment in the wastewaters of petrochemical special economic zone and sediment benchmark calculation of the coastal area-northwest of the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 13(1), 119-134.
15. Parivar P., Faryadi S., Sotoodeh A., 2016. Application of Resilience Thinking to Evaluate the Urban Environments (a case study of Tehran, Iran). Scientia Iranica. 23(4), 1633-1640.
16. Hashemi M., Sadeghi A., Saghi M., Aminzare M., Raeisi M., Rezayi M., Sany S.B.T., 2019. Health risk assessment for human exposure to trace metals and arsenic via consumption of hen egg collected from largest poultry industry in Iran. Biological Trace Element Research. 188(2), 485-493.
17. Alidadi H., Sany S.B.T., Oftadeh B.Z.G., Mohamad T., Shamszade H., Fakhari M., 2019. Health risk assessments of arsenic and toxic heavy metal exposure in drinking water in northeast Iran. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24(1), 1-17.
18. Edem C., Iniama G., Osabor V., Etiuma R., Ochelebe M., 2009. A comparative evaluation of heavy metals in commercial wheat flours sold in Calabar-Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 8(5), 585-587.
19. Irogbeyi L., Nweke I., Akuodor G., Prince U., Ebere A., 2019. Evaluation of Levels of Potassium Bromate and Some Heavy Metals in Bread and Wheat Flour Sold in Aba Metropolis, South Eastern Nigeria. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology. 8(3), 71-77.
20. Jawad I., Allafaji S.H., 2012. The levels of trace metals contaminants in wheat grains, flours and breads in Iraq. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 6(10), 88-92.
21. Mamtani R., Stern P., Dawood I., Cheema S., 2011. Metals and disease: A global primary health care perspective. Journal of Toxicology. 10 (7), 114-134
22. Moyo N.A.G., Rapatsa M.M., 2019. Trace Metal Contamination and Risk Assessment of an Urban River in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1-6.
23. USEPA, 1996. Acid digestion of sediments, Sludges and soils; method 3050B. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
24. Liu H., Wei Y., Lu H., Wei S., Jiang T., Zhang Y., Ban J., Guo B., 2017. The determination and application of 87Sr/86Sr ratio in verifying geographical origin of wheat. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 52(4), 248-253.
25. Tourchi M., Seyedain A.S., Azizinezhad R., Nematollahi F., 2017. Assessing the effect of baking methods on the levels of heavy metals in Iranian traditional breads. Journal of Food Technology and Nutrition. 8(2), 89-92.
26. Jazayeri S.H., Hayati Ashtiani M., Ashrafizadeh S., Ghannadi Maragheh M., Nozad Golikand A., 2010. Heavy metal removal from synthetics wastes by natural and acid-activated bentonite s; Hazf-e felezat-e sangin az pasmand-haye santezi tavasot-e bentonit-e tabiea va bentonit-e fa'al shode ba acid. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology.
27. Bost M., Houdart S., Oberli M., Kalonji E., Huneau J.F., Margaritis I., 2016. Dietary copper and human health: Current evidence and unresolved issues. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 35, 107-115.
28. Alomary A., 2012. The influence of baking fuel types on the residues of some heavy metals in Jordanian bread. Jordan Journal of Chemistry (JJC). 7(1), 81-85.
29. Sany B.T., Salleh A., Sulaiman A., Mehdinia A., Monazami G., 2011. Geochemical assessment of heavy metals concentration in surface sediment of West Port, Malaysia. Eng Techn. 80, 83-87.
30. Izadi Najafabadi L., Hamdami N., Le-Bail A., Monteau J.Y., Keramat J., 2015. Impact of Baking Bed and Baking Temperature on Staling of Sangak Bread. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 17(2), 375-386.
31. Karizaki V.M., 2017. Ethnic and traditional Iranian breads: different types, and historical and cultural aspects. Journal of Ethnic Foods. 4(1), 8-14.
32. Sany B.T., Sulaiman A., Monazami G., Salleh A., 2011. Assessment of Sediment Quality According to heavy metal status in the West Port of Malaysia. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 74, 639-643.
33. Baran A., Wieczorek J., Mazurek R., Urbański K., Klimkowicz-Pawlas A., 2018. Potential ecological risk assessment and predicting zinc accumulation in soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 40(1), 435-450.
34. Fazeli M., Moosavi M., Pournia M., Zergani Z.J., 2009. Metals distribution in topsoils around industrial town of Ahwaz II, Ahwaz, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences. 9(6), 1121-1127.
35. Jekle M., Horeld C., Gratzl R., Roth M., Becker T., Höbel W., 2016. Aluminium leaching from baking tray materials into surface-alkalized baked products. Cereal Technology. 3, 127-135.
36. Brough D., Jouhara H., 2020. The aluminium industry: A review on state-of-the-art technologies, environmental impacts and possibilities for waste heat recovery. International Journal of Thermofluids, 1, 100007.
37. Hatamikiya M., Dorosti N., Mahnaz Z., 2018. A survey of sampling of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper, nickel and mercury) in some cultivated vegetables in Khoramabad city and Aleshtar, Summer 2017. Yafteh. 20(2), 53-58
38. Sany S.T., Monazami G., Rezayi M., Tajfard M., Borgheipour H., 2019. Application of water quality indices for evaluating water quality and anthropogenic impact assessment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 16(7), 3001-3012.
39. Tavakoli H., 2011. Familiarity of different methods of standard bread baking. National project No. 89012067, Logistics Studies and research center of Imam Hossein University, Government. 76-77.
40. Shiralipour R., Jahangiri A., Baaghdezfooli M., 2017. Determination of iron, zinc and copper in fortified wheat flour consumed in ahvaz. Health Promotion and Educaqtion 12(2), 112-123.
41. Doe E., Awua A., Gyamfi O., Bentil N., 2013. Levels of selected heavy metals in wheat flour on the ghanaian market: a determination by atomic absorption spectrometry. Am J Appl Chem. 1(2), 17-21.
42. Malea P., Mylona Z., Panteris E., Kevrekidis T., 2021. Structural and physiological effects of chromium uptake in the seagrass Halophila stipulacea. Ecological Indicators. 122, 107224.
43. Elehinafe F.B., Mamudu A.O., Okedere O., Ibitioye A., 2020. Risk assessment of chromium and cadmium emissions from the consumption of premium motor spirit (PMS) and automotive gas oil (AGO) in Nigeria. Heliyon. 6(11), e05301.
44. Jaishankar M., Tseten T., Anbalagan N., Mathew B.B., Beeregowda K.N., 2014. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 7(2), 60-72.
45. Yang M., Jiang L., Huang H., Zeng S., Qiu F., Yu M., Li X., Wei S., 2014. Dietary exposure to aluminium and health risk assessment in the residents of Shenzhen, China. PLoS One. 9(3), e89715.
46. Aguilar F., Autrup H., Barlow S., Castle L., Crebelli R., Dekant W., Engel K., Gontard N., Gott D., Grilli S., 2008. Safety of aluminium from dietary intake scientific opinion of the panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and food contact materials (AFC). EFSA J. 754, 1-34.
47. Upadhyay M.K., Shukla A., Yadav P., Srivastava S., 2019. A review of arsenic in crops, vegetables, animals and food products. Food Chemistry. 276, 608-618.
48. Cheraghi M., Afshari Bahmanbeigloo Z., Seif A., 2013. Health assessment of arsenic and zinc in rice cultivated in Fars Province (case study: Firoozabad Fields). Food Hygiene. 3(3 (11)), 67-74.
49. Khaniki G.R.J., Yunesian M., Mahvi A.H., Nazmara S., 2005. Trace metal contaminants in Iranian flat breads. J Agric Soc Sci. 1(4), 301-303.
