Heavy Metals in Wheat Grain and Its Impact on Human Health: A mini-review
الموضوعات :
Mohadeseh Pirhadi
1
(Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)
Nabi Shariatifar
2
(Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)
Mahmoud Bahmani
3
(Biotechnology and Medical Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran)
Aliasghar Manouchehri
4
(Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: human health, Heavy metals, Crops, Wheat flour,
ملخص المقالة :
Heavy metals (HMs) form a very varied group of elements that are very diverse in terms of chemical properties and biological functions. Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil has become a serious environmental problem. These metals are toxic to soil, plants, aquatic life, and human and animal health. These toxic pollutants are caused by natural activities such as volcanoes and mining and smelting metals. These metals are stable in nature, therefore, they accumulate in the soil and agricultural products, and it is necessary to properly understand the relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and its accumulation in wheat. These metals also interfere with the level of antioxidants in plants and reduce the nutritional value of the product. Consumption of many heavy metals in the diet through the consumption of plants has long-term destructive effects on human health. In this review study, the most important heavy metals in agricultural products, especially wheat, on human health were reported. For this review study, keywords such as Crops, Heavy metal, Human health, Wheat flour were used. The databases searched for in those articles were Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and ISI search engines. Given that bread is the dominant force of the Iranian people, so the quality study of wheat in the country's consumer market in order to maintain the health of consumers seems necessary. Therefore, we need to inform people about this, so this review article explains the presence of HMs in bread and its disadvantages.
1. Kianpour S., Sobhanardakani S., 2018, Evaluation of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu concentration in wheat and bread consumed in human city. J Food Hygiene. 7(28), 81-98.
2. Khaniki G.R.J., Yunesian M., Mahvi A.H., Nazmara S., 2005. Trace metal contaminants in Iranian flat breads. J Agric Soc Sci. 1(4), 301-3.
3. Naghipour D., Amouei A., Nazmara S., 2014. A comparative evaluation of heavy metals in the different breads in iran: A case study of rasht city. Health Scope. 3(4), e18175. doi: 10.17795/jhealthscope-18175.
4. Cheli F., Pinotti L., Rossi L., Dell'Orto V., 2013. Effect of milling procedures on mycotoxin distribution in wheat fractions: A review. LWT-Food Sci Technol., 54(2), 307-14.
5. Commission JFWCA. C. 1992. odex alimentarius: Food & Agriculture Org.
6. Al-Othman Z.A., Ali R., Al-Othman A.M., Ali J., Habila M.A., 2016. Assessment of toxic metals in wheat crops grown on selected soils, irrigated by different water sources. Arabian J Chem. 9, 1555-62.
7. Kabata-Pendias A., Pendias H., 1999. Biogeochemistry of trace elements. Pwn, Warszawa, 400.
8. Hu H., 2002. Human health and heavy metals exposure. Life support: the environment and human health MIT Press, Cambridge. 65-82.
9. Sankhla M.S., Kumari M., Nandan M., Kumar R., Agrawal P., 2016. Heavy metals contamination in water and their hazardous effect on human health-a review. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 5(10), 759-66.
10. Tang J., Huang Z., Pan X.D., 2014.Exposure assessment of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb) by the intake of local foods from Zhejiang, China. Environmental Geochem Health. 36(4), 765-71.
11. Martin S., Griswold W., 2009. Human health effects of heavy metals. Environmental Sci Technol Briefs for citizens. 15, 1-6.
12. Sharma R.K., Agrawal M., 2005. Biological effects of heavy metals: an overview. J Environmental Biol. 26(2), 301-13.
13. Commission E., 2006. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union. 364(365–324).
14. Jakovac-Strajn B., Pavšič-Vrtač K., Ujčič-Vrhovnik I., Vengušt A., Tavčar-Kalcher G., 2010. Microbiological and mycotoxicological contamination in Slovenian primary grain production. Toxicolog Environ Chem. 92(8), 1551-63.
15. Salama A.K., Radwan M.A., 2005. Heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and trace elements (Cu, Zn) contents in some foodstuffs from the Egyptian market. Emirates J Food Agricult., 34-42.
16. Mehder A., Yilmaz E., Sungur A., Soylak M., Alothman Z., 2015. Assessment of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in gluten-free foods from Saudi Arabia by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Atom Spectrosc., 36(6), 254-60.
17. Lamsal R.P., Beauchemin D., 2015. Estimation of the bio-accessible fraction of Cr, As, Cd and Pb in locally available bread using on-line continuous leaching method coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta. 867, 9-17.
18. Baghaie A.H., Aghili F., 2019. Health risk assessment of Pb and Cd in soil, wheat, and barley in Shazand County, central of Iran. J Environm Health Sci Engin. 17(1), 467-77.
19. Huang M., Zhou S., Sun B., Zhao Q., 2008. Heavy metals in wheat grain: assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Kunshan, China. Sci Total Environment. 405(1-3), 54-61.
20. Zeng X., Wang Z., Wang J., Guo J., Chen X., Zhuang J., 2015. Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of wheat grown in Tianjin sewage irrigation area. Ecotoxicol. 24(10), 2115-24.
21. Yang W., Wang D., Wang M., Zhou F., Huang J., Xue M., Dinh Q.T., Liang D., 2019. Heavy metals and associated health risk of wheat grain in a traditional cultivation area of Baoji, Shaanxi, China. Environmental Monitoring Assessment. 191(7), 428.
22. Foy C., Chaney R.T., White M., 1978. The physiology of metal toxicity in plants. Annual Rew Plant Physiol. 29(1), 511-66.
23. Zwolak A., Sarzyńska M., Szpyrka E., Stawarczyk K., 2019. Sources of soil pollution by heavy metals and their accumulation in vegetables: A review. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 230(7), 164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4221-y
24. Kumar O., Singh S., Singh A., Yadav S., Latare A., 2018. Effect of soil application of nickel on growth, micronutrient concentration and uptake in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in Inceptisols of Varanasi. J Plant Nutr. 41(1), 50-66.
25. Riaz M., Yasmeen T., Arif M.S., Ashraf M.A., Hussain Q., Shahzad S.M., Mehmood M.W., Zia A., Ishaq A., Fahad MS., 2019. Variations in morphological and physiological traits of wheat regulated by chromium species in long-term tannery effluent irrigated soils. Chemosphere. 222, 891-903.
26. Nieboer E., Fletcher G., 1996. Determinants of reactivity in metal toxicology. Toxicol Metals. 648,113-32.
27. Tamba-Berehoiu R., Popa N., Popescu S., Cristea S., Culea R., Tamba-Berehoiu S., 2010. Distribution of some toxic contaminants in the milling products, during the milling process. Romanian Biotechnolog Letters. 15(3), 5281-6.
28. Oliver D., Gore P., Moss H., Tiller K., 1993. Cadmium in wheat-grain and milling products from some Australian flour mills. Australian J Agricultural Res. 44(1), 1-11.
29. Akinyele I., Shokunbi O., 2015. Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni in selected Nigerian tubers, legumes and cereals and estimates of the adult daily intakes. Food Chem. 173, 702-8.
30. Kamboj N., Malik R., Dhanker P., Kumar A., 2018. Importance of nickel in crops. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 7, 3470-5.
31. Shahid M., Dumat C., Khalid S., Niazi N.K., Antunes P.M., 2016. Cadmium bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. e 241: Springer; 73-137.
32. Awan N., Fatima A., Farhan M., Awan N., 2019. Comparative analysis of chromium and cadmium in various parts of wheat and maize. Pol J Environ Stud. 28: 1561-6.
33. Khan Z.I., Iqbal S., Ahmad K., Ashfaq A., Bashir H., Dogan Y., 2019. Assessment of heavy metal content of wheat irrigated with wastewater in Sargodha, Pakistan: Implications for human health. Trace Elem Electroly. 36(2), 82-92.
34. Dai X.P., Feng L., Ma X.W., Zhang Y.M., editors., 2012. Concentration level of heavy metals in wheat grains and the health risk assessment to local inhabitants from Baiyin, Gansu, China. Advanced Materials Res. 951-956.
35. Islam M.S., Ahmed M.K., Habibullah-A.l., -Mamun M., 2014. Heavy metals in cereals and pulses: health implications in Bangladesh. J Agricul Food Chem. 62(44), 10828-35.
36. Chen L., Zhou S., Shi Y., Wang C., Li B., Li Y., 2018. Heavy metals in food crops, soil, and water in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu Region and their potential health risks when ingested. Sci Total Environment. 615, 141-9.
37. Zhang T., Xu W., Lin X., Yan H., Ma M., He Z., 2019. Assessment of heavy metals pollution of soybean grains in North Anhui of China. Sci Total Environment. 646, 914-22.
38. Guo G., Lei M., Wang Y., Song B., Yang J., 2018. Accumulation of As, Cd, and Pb in sixteen wheat cultivars grown in contaminated soils and associated health risk assessment. International J Environmental Res Public Health. 15(11), 2601. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112601
39. Doran J.W., 2002. Soil health and global sustainability: translating science into practice. Agric Ecosyst Environ [Internet]. 88(2), 119–27.
40. He B., Yun Z., Shi J., Jiang G., 2013. Research progress of heavy metal pollution in China: sources, analytical methods, status, and toxicity. Chinese Sci Bull [Internet]. 58(2), 134–40.
41. Straalen N., Donker M., 1994. Heavy metals adaptation in terrestial arthropods—Physiological and genetic aspects. Proc Exp Appl Entomol Neth Entomol Soc. 5, 3–17.
42. Wang S., Li R., Zhang Z., Feng J., Shen F., 2014. Assessment of the heavy metal pollution and potential ecological hazardous in agricultural soils and crops of Tongguan, Shaanxi Province. J. Environ. Sci. China. 34, 2313–2320.
43. Hawkes S. J., 1997. What is a “heavy metal?” Journal of Chemical Education.74(11), 1374.
44. Ali H., Khan E., 2018. Bioaccumulation of non-essential hazardous heavy metals and metalloids in freshwater fish. Risk to human health. Environmental Chemistry Letters.16(3), 903–917.
