Utilization of Modified Clay as a Low-cost Adsorbent for Landfill Leachate Treatment
الموضوعات :Matin Hajjizadeh 1 , Hossein Ganjidoust 2 , Shahriar Ghammamy 3 , Forough Farsad 4
1 - Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
4 - Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: bentonite, Adsorption, organoclay, surfactant, Leachate treatment,
ملخص المقالة :
The generation of leachate is one of the main problems of municipal solid waste disposal, which can lead to a severe threat to surface and groundwater. In this research, landfill leachate was treated through modifiying bentonite with HDTMA-Br (Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide). The effects of surfactant intercalating quantity, pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose was investigated in a batch experiment. Raw and modified clay was also characterized using different techniques including Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optimization experiment revealed that 50 min of equilibration, 50g.L-1 of dosage and pH= 3, for the clay loaded with a capacity of 1.0 CEC (cation exchange capacity), were the optimum condition for COD removal of landfill leachate. The maximum turbidity reduction rate was 92.1%, at a pH of 11, absorbent dosage of 40 g.L-1, and the contact time of 30 min. The findings of this research showed that this modified clay could be used as an affordable adsorbent for reducing COD and turbidity from landfill leachate.
1. Shehzad A., Bashir M.J.K., Sethupathi S., Lim J.W., 2015, An overview of heavily polluted landfill leachate treatment using food waste as an alternative and renewable source of activated carbon. Process Safety and Environment Protection. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j .psep.2015.09.005
2. Mojiri A., Ziyang L., Ramlah Mohd Tajuddin R.M., Farraji H., Alifar N., 2016, Co-treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using the ZELIAC/zeolite constructed wetland system. Journal of Environmental Management.166, 124-130.
3. Delkash M., Bakhshayesh B.E., Kazemian H., 2015, Using zeolitic adsorbents to clean up special wastewater streams:A review. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.04.039.
4. Clarke B.O., Anumol T., Barlaz M., Snyder M.A., 2015, Investigating landfill leachate as a source of trace organic pollutants. Chemosphere. 127, 269–275.
5. Foo K.Y., Lee L.K., Hameed B.H., 2013. Preparation of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse by microwave assisted activation for the remediation of semi-aerobic landfill leachate. Bioresource Technology. 134,166–172.
6. Danesh S., Yazdanbakhsh M., Hossein dokht M., Abedini J., 2008. Study on the characteristics of municipal solid waste 's leachate, the fourth national conference on waste management, Mashhad, Iran. [In Persian]
7. Wang W., Tian L., Zhou Y., Kang Y., Wang Q., Wang A., 2017, From illite/smectite clay to mesoporous silicate adsorbent for efficient removal of chlortetracycline from water. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 51, 31-34.
8. Singh N.B., Nagpal G., Agrawal S., Rachna., 2018, Water purification by using Adsorbents: A Review. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 11, 187–240.
9. Rathnayake S.I., Xi Y., Frost R.L., Ayoko G.A., 2016, Environmental applications of inorganic–organic clays for recalcitrant organic pollutants removal: Bisphenol A. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 470, 183–195.
10. Park Y., Ayoko G.A., Kurdi R., Horvath E., Kristof J., 2013, Frost R.L., Adsorption of phenolic compounds by organoclays: Implications for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous media. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 406, 196–208.
11. Xi Y., Frost R.L., He H., 2007, Modification of the surfaces of wyoming montmorillonite by the cationic surfactants alkyl trimethyl, dialkyl dimethyl, and trialkyl methyl ammonium bromides. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 305, 150–158.
12. Bhattacharya S.S., Aadhar M., 2014, Studies on preparation and analysis of prganoclay nano particles. Research Journal of Engineering Sciences. 3(3), 10-16.
13. Gilberto T.J., 2016, Hybrid Materials Based on Bentonite Functionalized with Amine Groups via the Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Method. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 27(5), 933-940.
14. Zhang L., Zhang B., Wu T., Sun D., Li Y., 2015, Adsorption behavior and mechanism of chlorophenols onto organoclays in aqueous solution. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng Aspects. 484, 118–129.
15. Ozola R., Krauklis A., Leitietis M., Burlakovs J., Vircava I., Ansone-Bertina L., Bhatnagar A., Klavins M., 2019, FeOOH-modified clay sorbents for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 13, 364-372.
16. Zhu L., Wang L., Xu Y., 2017, Chitosan and surfactant co-modified montmorillonite: A multifunctional adsorbent for contaminant removal. Applied Clay Science. 146, 35–42.
17. Park Y., Ayoko G.A., Frost R.L., 2011, Application of organoclays for the adsorption of recalcitrant organic molecules from aqueous media. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 354, 292–305.
18. Shokri E., Yegani R., Ghofrani B., 2017, Preparation of a new modified clay with amino acid for anionic pollutant removal from water. Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège. 86, 157 – 164.
19. Puspita A., Pratiwi G., Fatimah I., 2017, Chitosan-Modified Smectite Clay and Study on Adsorption-Desorption of Urea. Chemical Engineering Transactions.VOL. 56, DOI: 10.3303/CET1756275
20. Đukić A.B., Kumrić K.R., Vukelić N.S., Stojanović Z.S., Stojmenović M.D., Milošević S.S., Matović L.Lj., 2015, Influence of ageing of milled clay and its composite with TiO2 on the heavy metal adsorption characteristics. Ceramics International. 41, 5129–5137.
21. Li Y., Wang Z., Xie X., Zhu J., Li R., Qin T., 2017, Removal of Norfloxacin from aqueous solution by clay-biochar composite prepared from potato stem and natural attapulgite. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng Aspects. 514,126–136.
22. He Y.F., Zhang L., Wang R.M., Li H.R, Wang Y., 2012, Loess clay based copolymer for removing Pb(II) ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 227– 228, 334– 340.
23. Kausar A., Naeem K., Tariq M., Nazli Z.H., Bhatti H.N, Jubeen F., Nazir A., Iqbal M., 2018, Preparation and characterization of chitosan/clay composite for direct Rose FRN dye removal from aqueous media: comparison of linear and non-linear regression methods. Journal of Materials Research acd Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.07.020.
24. Ma A.K., Youssef A.M., Al-Awadhi M.M., 2013, Adsorption of Acid Dyes onto Bentonite and Surfactant-modified Bentonite. Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques. 4, 174. doi:10.4172/2155-9872.1000174
25. Bée A., Obeid L., Mbolantenaina R., Welschbillig M.,Talbot D., 2017, Magnetic chitosan/clay beads: A magsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from water. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 421, 59–64.
26. El-Zahhar A.A, Awwad N.S, El-Katori E.E., 2014, Removal of bromophenol blue dye from industrial waste water by synthesizing polymer-clay composite. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 199, 451-461.
27. Gao J., Yang Q., Ran F., Ma G., Lei Z., 2016, Preparation and properties of novel eco-friendly superabsorbent composites based on raw wheat bran and clays. Applied Clay Science. Vol.132-133, 739-747.
28. Pires J., Ju´zk´ow J., Pinto M.L., 2018, Amino Acid Modified Montmorillonite Clays as Sustainable Materials for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Separation, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.02.019.
29. Teofilović V., Pavličević J., Bera O., Jovičić M., Budinski-Simendić J., Meszaros Szecsenyi K., Arogus A., 2014. The preparation and thermal properties of chitosan/bentonite composite beads. Hemijska Industrija Journal. 68(6), 653-659.
30. Han Y.S., Moon J.W., Na Y.H., Park S.M., 2007, Synthesis of clay-amino acid layered nanocomposites by intercalation and their structural stability. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. 8(4), 288-292.
31. Chen T.C., Sapitan J.F.F., Ballesteros Jr. F.C., Lu M.C., 2016, Using activated clay for adsorption of sulfone compounds in diesel. Journal of Cleaner Production. 124, 378-382.
32. Parande A.K., Sivashanmugam A., Beulah H., Palaniswamy N., 2009, Performance evaluation of low cost adsorbents in reduction of COD in sugar industrial effluent. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 168, 800–805.
33. Foo K.Y., Lee L.K., Hameed B.H., 2013, Preparation of banana frond activated carbon by microwave induced activation for the removal of boron and total iron from landfill leachate. Chemical Engineering Journal. 223, 604–610.
34. APHA, Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater APHA, 22nd. Edition, Washington, DC, USA, 2012
35. Bhattacharyya K.G., Gupta S.S., 2006, Adsorption of Fe(III) from water by natural and acid activated clays: Studies on equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of interactions. Adsorption. 12,185–204.
36. Ingham B., Toney M.F., 2014, X-ray diffraction for characterizing metallic films, In: Barmak K., Coffey K. editors, Metallic Films for Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Applications, Structure, Processing and Properties. pp. 3-38, https://doi.org/ 10.1533/ 9780857096296.1.3
37. Ross J.R.H., 2019, Catalyst Characterization, Contemporary Catalysis Fundamentals and Current Applications. pp. 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63474-0.00005-9
38. Jourvand M., Shams Khoramabadi G., Omidi-Kkaniabadi Y.,Godini H., Nourmoradi H., 2015. Removal of methylen blue from aqueous solutions using modified clay. Journal of Basic Research in Medical Science. 2(1), 32-41
39. Mousavi S.M., Alemzadeh I., Vossoughi M., 2006. Used of modified bentonite for phenolic adsorption in treatment of olive oil mill wastewater. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transaction B: Engineering. 30(B5), pp. 613-619
40. Liu N., Wang M.x., Liu M.M., Liu F., Weng L., Koopal L., Tan W.f., 2012. Sorption of tetracycline on organo-montmorillonites. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Vol.225-226, pp. 28-35, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.060
41. Sikdar D., Katti D.R., Katti K.S., Mahanty B., 2009. Influence of backbone chain length and functional groups of organic modifiers on crystallinity and nanomechanical properties of intercalated clay-polycaprolactam nanocomposites. International Journal of Nanotechnology. 6( 5/6), pp. 468-492
42. Momina, Shahadat M., Isamil S., 2018, Regeneration performance of clay-based adsorbents for the removal of industrial dyes: a review, RSC Advances., 8,24571-24587, DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04290j.
