The Synergist Effect of The Henna Plant, Lawsonia alba on Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Against Third Larval Instar of Pistachio Leaf Borer, Ocneria terebinthina Strg. (Lep.: Lymanteriidae)
الموضوعات :
Zahra Sheibani
1
(Department of Entomology, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: LC50, Synergist, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Lawsonia alba, Ocneria terebinthina,
ملخص المقالة :
Ocneria terebinthina Strg. (Lep.: Lymanteriidae) is a leaf borer pest in pistachio orchard. The toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki alone and in combination with henna powder was investigated on third larval instar of O. terebinthina under laboratory conditions. Bioassay was carried out using spray technique on pistachio offshoot. Probit analysis of concentration-mortality data was conducted to estimate the LC50 value. The LC50 value of B. thuringiensis on third instar of larvae was estimated as 2817.30 ppm. The synergist effect of henna powder on efficacy of B. thuringiensis was also evaluated. Three concentrations of henna powder were combined with minimum lethal dose of B. thuringiensis against third larval instar. The results revealed that the henna powder had synergist effect on B. thuringiensis. The combination of B. thuringiensis and henna powder (6000 ppm) caused 80.68% mortality, whereas B. thuringiensis alone caused 15.91% mortality. Our results suggested that henna powder can increase the efficacy of B. thuringiensis in controlling O. terebinthina in pest integrated management.
Abbott WS (1925) A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology. 18, 265-267.
Ainehchii Y (1986) Medical and medicinal plants. Tehran University Press, Tehran. pp. 1187. [In Persian].
Azimizadeh N, Ahmadi K, Imani S, Takalloozadeh H, Sarafrazi A (2012) Toxic effects of some pesticides on Deraeocoris lutescens in the laboratory. Bulletin of Insectology. 65(1), 17-22.
Behroozi E, Izadi H, Samih MA, Moharamipour S (2012) Physiological strategy in overwintering larvae of pistachio white leaf borer, Ocneria terebinthina Strg. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Rafsanjan, Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology. 79(1), 44-49.
Behroozi-Moghadam E, Izadi H, Samih MA, Moharamipour S, Mahdian K (2011) Effect of insect growth regulators, temperature and overwintering on larvae of pistachio leaf white borer (Ocneria terebinthina). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 13(3), 375-380.
Bernays EA, Chamberlain D, McCarthy (1980) The differential effects of ingested tannic acid on different species of Acridoidea. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 28, 158-166.
Brattsten LB, Holyoke CW, Leeper JR, Raffa KF (1986) Insecticide resistance: challenge to pest management and basic research. Science. 231, 1255–1260.
Chattopadhyay A, Bhatnagar NB, Bhatnagar R (2004) Bacterial insecticidal toxins. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 30(1), 33–54.
Dubois NR, Dean DH (1995) Synergism between Cry1A insecticidal crystal proteins and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis, other bacterial spores, and vegetative cells against Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae. Environmental Entomology. 24:1741–1747.
Esmaili M (1996) Fruit important pests. Sepehr Publication. pp. 578. [In Persian].
Frankenhuyzen KV (2009) Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 101(1), 1–16.
Georghiou GP, Saito T (1983) Pest Resistance to Pesticides. Plenum, New York, NY.
Gibson DM, Gallo G, Krasnoff SB, Ketchum REB (1995) Increased efficacy of Bt. subsp. kurstaki in combination with tannic acid. Journal of Economic Entomology. 88, 270-277.
Granados RR, Fu Y, Corsaro B, Hughes PR (2001) Enhancement of Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity to lepidopterous species with the enhancin from Trichoplusia ni granulovirus. Biological Control. 20)2), 153-159.
Höfte H, Whiteley H (1989) Insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Microbiological Reviews. 53(2), 242-255.
Jurat-Fuentes JL, Jackson TA (2012) Bacterial Entomopathogens In: Vega FE, Kaya HK (eds.) Insect Pathology. Academic Press, Amsterdam. pp. 370. 265 – 349.
Kanizad A, Safaralizadeh MH (2002) The evaluating synergist effect of tannic acid in combination with low doses Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on Galleria mellonella larvae, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Congress of Plant Protection, Kermanshah, Iran. pp. 274. [In Persian].
Karimi J, Moazami N (2000) Determine the susceptibility of different larval instars of white cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapa L.) to the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (3a ab). Proceedings of the fourteenth Plant Protection Congress, Isfahan. pp. 168. [In Persian].
Lambert B, Höfte H, Annys K, Jansens S, Soetaert P, Peferoen M (1992) Novel Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with a silent activity against coleopteran larvae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 58(8), 2536–2542.
Liu YB, Tabashnik BE (1997) Synergism of Bacillus thuringiensis by ethylenediamine tetraacetate in susceptible and resistant larvae of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 90, 287–292.
Loseva O, Ibrahim M, Candas M, Koller CN, Bauer LS, Bulla Jr LA (2002) Changes in protease activity and Cry3Aa toxin binding in the Colorado potato beetle: Implications for insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 32, 567-577.
Lutrell RG, Young SY, Yea Rian WC, Horton DL (1982) Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis spray adjuant-viral insecticide combination against Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology. 11, 783-787.
McIntosh SC, Stone TB (1990) Specificity and efficacy of purified Bt proteins against agronomically important insects. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 56(2), 258-266.
Mehrnejad MR (2001) The current status of pistachio pests in Iran. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes. 56, 315-322.
Mehrnejad MR (2010) Potential biological control agents of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, a review. Entomofauna. 31(21), 317-340.
Namvar P (2002) Susceptibility of first to third larval instars (Hubner) Spodoptera exigua to Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Congress of Plant Protection, Kermanshah. pp. 80. [In Persian].
Nester EW, Thomashow LS, Metz M, Girdon M (2002) 100 Years of Bacillus thuringiensis: A Critical Scientific Assesment, ASM, Washington, DC, USA.
Omid R, Azizkhani E, Askary H, Moniri VR (2005) Biological investigation of Ocneria terebinthina in Khojir protected area. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research. 2(2), 209-211.
Poursalari R, Samih MA, Izadi H, Gorji M (2013) Biology and population dynamics of pistachio leaf borer Ocneria terebinthina (Lep.: Lymantriidae) in pistachio orchards. Journal of Entomological Research. 5(3), 195-207.
Raffa KF, Priester TM (1985) Synergists as research tools and control agents in agriculture. Journal of Agriculture Entomology. 2, 27–45.
Robertson JL, Preisler HK (1991) Pesticide bioassays with arthoropods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 127 p.
Sabahi BC, Al-Mansour H, Hamzeh-Zarghani H (1995) Evaluation of population dynamism of Ocneria terebinthina on Pistacia mutica in Fars province. The proceedings of 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Karaj. pp. 259. [In Persian].
Schünemann R, Knaak N, Fiuza LM (2014) Mode of action and specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins in the control of caterpillars and stink bugs in soybean culture, ISRN Microbiology,
1-12.
Siegel JP (2001) The mammalian safety of Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 77(1), 13–21.
Spehr K, Abaei M (1989) Evaluation of Ocneria terebinthina on Pistacia mutica and control methods in Iran. The proceedings of 9th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Ferdosi University of Mashhad. pp. 259. [In Persian].
Zafar S, Ahmad S, Jameel S (2006) In: Trivedi PC (ed) Medicinal Plants: Traditional Knowledge. IK International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 34.
