Changes in Drought Tolerance Mechanism at Different Times of Stress and Re-hydration in Hybrid Pistachio Rootstock
الموضوعات :
Seyed Reza Nezami
1
,
Abbas Yadollahi
2
,
Hossein Hokmabadi
3
,
Ali Tajabadipour
4
1 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), AREEO, Shahrood, Iran
4 - Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Drought stress, Multivariate analysis, Pistachio hybrids, Rehydration,
ملخص المقالة :
Drought is one of the main important adverse environmental events, certainly has an impact on plant growth and development. Pistachio is cultivated in areas where soil water deficits and salinity conditions are higher than normal. In most orchards, deficit irrigation is a common practice. There is only limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms pistachio uses to survive in drought. Many adaptive strategies have been developed in plants for dealing with water stress. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of drought stress on the photosynthetic, physiological and biochemical parameters in one-year-old seedlings of 12 pistachio hybrids. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to assess the effects of two drought stress treatments (drought stress and full-irrigation) for 40 days with a subsequent two weeks’ recovery period and several parameters (pigments (total chlorophyll, anthocyanins and carotenoids), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), chloride (Cl-) ions and fluorescence parameter) were evaluated at four different times (beginning, middle and end of stress and then recovery). After the end of the stress period, the seedlings were irrigated for two weeks. Results revealed that the drought stress treatments led to a change in the studied parameters and the mechanism of drought tolerance was variable at different times. Pistacia atlantica hybrid, P. vera “Sarakhs” and P. vera “Shasti” hybrid rootstocks had the highest water use efficiency; P. vera “Sarakhs” hybrid, P. vera “Khanjari” hybrid and P. vera “Badami” hybrid had the highest Cl- and mesophyll efficiency. P. atlantica and P. vera “Khanjari” had the highest anthocyanins and carotenoids. P. vera “Shasti”, P. vera “badami”, P. mutica and P. mutica hybrid rootstocks have been able to withstand drought stress by increasing the amount of K+ ion and maintaining gas exchanges. The results also showed that the response of the rootstocks to rehydration was different. Seedlings that recovered well after rehydration had a higher tolerance threshold. The “Khanjari” cultivar was recovered better than the others.
Abbasi AR, Sarvestani R, Mohammadi B, Baghery A (2014) Drought stress-induced changes at physiological and biochemical levels in some common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) genotypes, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (JAST). 16(3), 505-516.
Abbaspour H, Afshari H, Abdel-Wahhab MA (2012) Influence of salt stress on growth, pigments, soluble sugars and ion accumulation in three Pistachio rootstocks. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6(12), 2468-2473. https://doi.org/10.5897/jmpr11.1710
Afrousheh M, Javanshah A (2020) The Effect of Humic Acid on the Growth and Physiological Indices of Pistachio Seedling (Pistacia vera) under Drought Stress. Journal of Nuts. 11(1), 1-12.
Agri-Jihad (2019) Annual report of ministry of agriculture jihad, horticulture section. https://www.maj.ir/Index.aspx?page_=formlang=1sub=65tempname=amarPageID=11583. Access 18 August 2021
Alipour H (2018) Photosynthesis properties and ion homeostasis of different pistachio cultivar seedlings in response to salinity stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 5(1), 19-29. doi: 10.22059/ijhst.2018.233656.192
Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1
Asayesh ZM, Aliniaeifard S, Vahdati K (2021) Stomatal Morphology and Desiccation Response of Persian Walnut Tissue Culture Plantlets Influenced by the Gelling Agent of In Vitro Culture Medium. Journal of Nuts. 12(1), 41-52.
Azevedo Neto AD, Tabosa JN (2001) Comparaçao de metodologias para análise quımica de cloreto em tecido vegetal. Pesq. Agropec. Pernamb. 12, 67-71.
Babaei L, Sharifani M, Darvishzadeh R, Abbaspour N, Henareh M (2021) Impact of drought stress on photosynthetic response of some pear species. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 8(4), 353-369. doi: 10.22059/ijhst.2020.309629.394
Bagheri V, Shamshiri MH, Shirani H, Roosta HR (2018) Nutrient uptake and distribution in mycorrhizal Pistachio seedlings under drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 14, 1591-1604.
Behrooz A, Vahdati K, Rejali F, Lotfi M, Sarikhani S, Leslie CA (2019) Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth-promoting bacteria alleviate drought stress in walnut. HortScience. 54(6), 1087–1092.
Behzadi Rad P, Roozban MR, Karimi S, Ghahremani R, Vahdati K (2021) Osmolyte accumulation and sodium compartmentation has a key role in salinity tolerance of pistachios rootstocks. Agriculture. 11(8), 708.
Celiktopuz E, Kapur B, Sarıdas MA, Kargı SP (2021) Response of strawberry fruit and leaf nutrient concentrations to the application of irrigation levels and a biostimulant. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 44(2), 153-165. Doi: https ://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1806310
Chatzistathis T, Papadakis IE, Papaioannou A, Chatzissavvidis C, Giannakoula A (2020) Comparative study effects between manure application and a controlled-release fertilizer on the growth, nutrient uptake, photosystem II activity and photosynthetic rate of Olea europaea L. (cv.‘Koroneiki’). Scientia Horticulturae. 264, 109176. Doi: https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109176
Cornic G (2000) Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal aperture--not by affecting ATP synthesis. Trends in Plant Science. 5(5), 187-188. Doi: https: //doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(00)01625-3
Dahlquist RL, Knoll JW (1978) Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry: analysis of biological materials and soils for major, trace, and ultra-trace elements. Applied Spectroscopy. 32(1), 1-30.
de Souza TC, Magalhães PC, de Castro EM, de Albuquerque PEP, Marabesi MA (2013) The influence of ABA on water relation, photosynthesis parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence under drought conditions in two maize hybrids with contrasting drought resistance. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 35(2), 515-527.
El Mokh F, Nagaz K, Masmoudi MM, Ben Mechlia N, Ghiglieri G (2021) Deficit irrigation using saline water of fruit trees under water scarcity conditions of southern tunisia. Atmosphere. 12(7), 864.
Esmaeilpour A, Van Labeke MC, Samson R, Boeckx P, Van Damme P (2016) Variation in biochemical characteristics, water status, stomata features, leaf carbon isotope composition and its relationship to water use efficiency in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars under drought stress condition. Scientia Horticulturae. 211, 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.08.026
Farooq M, Wahid A, KobayashI N, Fujita D, Basra SMA (2009) Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29, 153–188.
Fattahi M, Mohammadkhani A, Shiran B, Baninasab B, Ravash R, Gogorcena Y (2021) Beneficial effect of mycorrhiza on nutritional uptake and oxidative balance in pistachio Pistachio (Pistacia spp.) rootstocks submitted to drought and salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 281, 109937. https: //doi .org /10. 1016/j.scienta. 2021.109937
Fernando M, Mehroke J, Glass AD (1992) De novo synthesis of plasma membrane and tonoplast polypeptides of barley roots during short-term K+ deprivation: In search of the high-affinity K+ transport system. Plant Physiology. 100(3), 1269-1276.
Flexas J, Medrano H (2002) Drought‐inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: stomatal and non‐stomatal limitations revisited. Annals of Botany. 89(2), 183-189.
Flexas J, Barbour MM, Brendel O, Cabrera HM, Carriquí M, Diaz-Espejo A, Warren CR (2012) Mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2: an unappreciated central player in photosynthesis. Plant Science. 193, 70-84. https ://doi. org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.05.009.
Flexas J, Bota J, Escalona JM, Sampol B, Medrano H (2002) Effects of drought on photosynthesis in grapevines under field conditions: an evaluation of stomatal and mesophyll limitations. Functional Plant Biology. 29(4), 461-471. https://doi.org/10.1071/pp01119.
Gijón DDC, Gijón M, Gimenez C, Perez-López D, Guerrero J, Couceiro JF, Moriana A (2011) Water relations of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) as affected by phenological stages and water regimes. Scientia Horticulturae. 128(4), 415-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.02.004
Goldstein G, Bucci SJ, Scholz FG (2013) Why do trees adjust water relations and hydraulic architecture in response to nutrient availability? Tree Physiology. 33(3), 238-240. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpt007
Gorai M, Laajili W, Santiago LS, Neffati M (2015) Rapid recovery of photosynthesis and water relations following soil drying and rehydration is related to the adaptation of desert shrub Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) to arid environments. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 109, 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.08.011
Gucci R, Tattini M (1997) Salinity tolerance in olive. Horticultural Reviews. 21, 177-214. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650660.ch6
Hailemichael G, Catalina A, González MR, Martin P (2016) Relationships between water status, leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance in Tempranillo vineyards. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 37(2), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.21548/37-2-1004
Hamdani A, Charafi J, Bouda S, Hssaini L, Adiba A, Razouk R (2021) Screening for water stress tolerance in eleven plum (Prunus salicina L.) Cultivars using agronomic and physiological traits. Scientia Horticulturae. 281, 109992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.109992
Havaux M (1993) Rapid photosynthetic adaptation to heat stress triggered in potato leaves by moderately elevated temperatures. Plant, Cell and Environment. 16(4), 461-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13653040.1993.tb00893.x
Ismail MR, Davies WJ (2000) Leaf growth and stomatal sensitivity after water stress relief and its relation to xylem sap absicisic acid. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 23(2), 67-73.
Rao KVM, Raghavendra AS, Janardhan Reddy K (2006) Physiology and molecular biology of stress tolerance in plants. Springer Science and Business Media. (pp. 1-14). https: //doi. org/10.1007/1-4020-4225-6.
Kalaji MH, Loboda T (2009) Chlorophyll fluorescence in studies of plants physiological status. Warsaw University of Life Sciences Press. Warsaw, Poland.
Karimi S, Rahemi M (2012) Growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedling rootstock in response to exogenous polyamines under salinity stress, Journal of Nuts. 3(02), 21-30
Khoyerdi FF, Shamshiri MH, Estaji A (2016) Changes in some physiological and osmotic parameters of several Pistachio genotypes under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 198, 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.11.028
Li Y, Zhang T, Zhang Z, He K (2019) The physiological and biochemical photosynthetic properties of Lycium ruthenicum Murr in response to salinity and drought. Scientia Horticulturae. 256, 108530.
Liang B, Gao T, Zhao Q, Ma C, Chen Q, Wei Z, Ma F (2018) Effects of exogenous dopamine on the uptake, transport, and resorption of apple ionome under moderate drought. Frontiers in Plant Science. 9, 755.
Lotfi N, Soleimani A, Vahdati K, Çakmakçı R. (2019) Comprehensive biochemical insights into the seed germination of walnut under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae 250, 329-43.
Lotfi N, Vahdati K, Kholdebarin B and Amiri R (2010) Drought-induced accumulation of sugars and proline in radicle and plumule of tolerant walnut varieties during germination phase. Acta Horticulturae. 861, 289-296.
Maseyk KS, Lin T, Rotenberg E, Grünzweig JM, Schwartz A, Yakir D (2008) Physiology–phenology interactions in a productive semi‐arid pine forest. New Phytologist. 178(3), 603-616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137. 2008. 02391.x
Miyashita K, Tanakamaru S, Maitani T, Kimura K (2005) Recovery responses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in kidney bean following drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 53(2), 205-214. https: //doi. org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.03.015
Munns R (2002) Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment. 25(2), 239-250. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x
Nardini A, Salleo S, Jansen S (2011) More than just a vulnerable pipeline: xylem physiology in the light of ion-mediated regulation of plant water transport. Journal of Experimental Botany. 62(14), 4701-4718. https: //doi. org/10. 1093/jxb/err208
Pacheco J, Plazas M, Pettinari I, Landa-Faz A, González-Orenga S, Boscaiu M, Gramazio P (2021) Moderate and severe water stress effects on morphological and biochemical traits in a set of pepino (Solanum muricatum) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae. 284, 110143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110143
Ranjbar A (2016) Variation characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence of a typical Eremophyte (Smirnovia Iranica (Sabeti)) during phenological stages in the sand drift desert (Case study: In Kashan Region). Desert. 21(1), 35-41.
Ranjbar A (2017) Comparative study on the effect of water stress and rootstock on photosynthetic function in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. Journal of Nuts. 8(02), 151-159.
Ranjbar-Fordoei A (2018) Comparative functioning of photosynthetic apparatus and leaf water potential in Zygophyllum eurypterum (Boiss and Bushe) during phenological phases and summer drought. Desert Ecosystem Engineering Journal. 1(1), 53-60
Rieger M (1995) Offsetting effects of reduced root hydraulic conductivity and osmotic adjustment following drought. Tree Physiology. 15(6), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/15.6.379
Santos CV, Campos A, Azevedo H, Caldeira G (2001) In situ and in vitro senescence induced by KCl stress: nutritional imbalance, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany. 52(355), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/52.355.351
Sellin A, Õunapuu E, Karusion A (2010) Experimental evidence supporting the concept of light-mediated modulation of stem hydraulic conductance. Tree Physiology. 30(12), 1528-1535. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq091
Silva EN, Silveira JAG, Rodrigues CRF, Viégas RA (2015) Physiological adjustment to salt stress in Jatropha curcas is associated with accumulation of salt ions, transport and selectivity of K+, osmotic adjustment and K+/Na+ homeostasis. Plant Biology. 17(5), 1023-1029.https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12337
Tadayyon A, Nikneshan P, Pessarakli M (2018) Effects of drought stress on concentration of macro-and micro-nutrients in Castor (Ricinus communis L.) plant. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 41(3), 304-310.
Tattini M, Ponzio C, Coradeschi MA, Tafani R, Traversi ML (1993) Mechanisms of salt tolerance in olive plants. In II International Symposium on Olive Growing. 356 (Pp. 181-184). https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.356.38.
Teakle, NL, Tyerman SD (2010) Mechanisms of Cl‐transport contributing to salt tolerance. Plant, Cell and Environment. 33(4), 566-589. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13653040.2009.02060.x
Tezara W, Domínguez TST, Loyaga DW, Ortiz RN, Chila VHR, Ortega MJB (2021) Photosynthetic activity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid genotypes (Elaeis oleifera× Elaeis guineensis), and response of hybrids to water deficit. Scientia Horticulturae. 287, 110263.
Umar M, Uddin Z, Siddiqui ZS (2019) Responses of photosynthetic apparatus in sunflower cultivars to combined drought and salt stress. Photosynthetica. 57(2), 627-639.
Wagner GJ (1979) Content and vacuole/extravacuole distribution of neutral sugars, free amino acids, and anthocyanin in protoplasts. Plant physiology. 64(1), 88-93.
Woodward AJ, Bennett IJ (2005) The effect of salt stress and abscisic acid on proline production, chlorophyll content and growth of in vitro propagated shoots of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 82(2), 189-200.
Xu Z, Zhou G, Shimizu H (2010) Plant responses to drought and rewatering. Plant Signaling and Behavior. 5(6), 649-654.
Zlatev ZS, Yordanov IT (2004) Effects of soil drought on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in bean plants. Bulg. Journal of Plant Physiology. 30(3-4), 3-18.
Zokaee-Khosroshahi M, Esna-Ashari M, Ershadi A, Imani A (2014) morphological changes in response to drought stress in cultivated and wild almond species. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 1(1), 79-92. doi: 10.22059/ijhst.2014.50520
