Determination of Cold Hardiness of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Cultivars Flower Buds during Rest Season
الموضوعات :Zahra Pakkish 1 , Hadi Asghari 2
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 - Researcher of Horticultural Science, Agricultural Research Center and Natural Resources, Kerman, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: dormancy, Cold hardiness, Low temperatures, Pistachio trees,
ملخص المقالة :
Frost injury is a very widespread phenomenon occurring in both deciduous and ever-green trees such as pistachio. The cold hardiness levels of four cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), ‘Kalle-Ghuchi’, ‘Owhadi’, ‘Ahmad-Aghaei’ and ‘Akbari’ were determined. Samples were collected from November 2007 to March 2008 and from November 2008 to March 2009, with three week intervals during dormant season. Then, single- bud cutting sections were placed in incubator and subjected to temperature, +5 (control), -10, -15, -20, -25 and -30оC, held for 24h at each temperature. The critical temperature for survival among the 4 cultivars was -15оC and more than 70% of the buds of all cultivars were killed once they were subjected to -30оC. All cultivars achieved a maximum cold hardiness in December and January. These four cultivars were classified as hardy (‘Akbari’), semi-hardy (‘Owhadi’ and ‘Ahmad-Aghaei’) and sensitive (‘Kalle-Ghuchi’). The tested pistachio cultivars exhibited higher cold hardiness levels in ‘OFF’ trees, rather than ‘ON’ trees.
Ameglio T, Decourteix M, Alves G, Valentin V, Sakr S, Julien JL, Petel G, Guillot A, Lacointe A (2004) Temperature effects on xylem sap osmolarity in walnut trees: evidence for a vitalistic model of winter embolism repair. Tree Physiology 24, 785-793.
Ameglio T, Alves G, Decurteix M, Poirier M, Bonhome M, Guilliot A, Sakr S, Brunel N, Petel G, Rageau R, Cochard H, Julien JLJ, Lacointe A (2006) Winter biology in walnut tree: freezing tolerance by cold acclimation and embolism repair. Acta Horticulture. 241-250.
Arora R, Wisniewski ME, Scorza R (1992) Cold acclimation in genetically related (sibling) deciduous and evergreen peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch). Plant Physiology. 99, 1562-1568.
Ashworth EN (1990) The formation and distribution of ice within forsythia flower buds. Plant Physiology. 92,718-725.
Ashworth EN, Wisniewski ME (1991) Response of fruit tree tissues to freezing temperatures. HortScience. 26, 501-504.
Ashworth EN (1996) Responses of bark and wood cells to freezing. Advances in Low Temperature Biology. 3, 65-106.
Aslamarz AA, Vahdati K (2010) Stomatal density and ion leakage as indicators of cold hardiness in walnut. Acta Horticulturae. 861, 321-324.
Aslamarz AA, Vahdati K, Hasani D, Rahemi M, Leslie CA (2010) Supercooling and cold-hardiness in the acclimated and deacclimated buds and stems of Persian walnut cultivars and genotypes. HortScience. 45 (11), 1-6.
Aslani Aslamarz A, Vahdati K, Hasani D, Rahemi M, Leslie CA (2011) Cold hardiness and its relationship with proline content in Persian walnut. European Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 76 (3), 84–90.
Aslamarz AA, Vahdati K, Rahemi M, Hasani D (2009) Cold-hardiness evaluation of Persian walnut by thermal analysis and freezing technique. Acta Horticulturae. 861, 269-272.
Badaruddin M, Meyer DW (2001) Factors modifying frost tolerance of legume species. Crop Sciences. 41, 1911-1916.
Beck EH, Fettig S, Knake C, Hartig K, Bhattarai T (2007) Specific and unspecific responses of plants to cold and drought stress. Journal of Biosciences. 32, 501-510.
Bite A, Drudze I (2000) Winter hardiness of apple cultivars and rootstock. International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production. Acta Horticulture. 525, 343-350.
Bordelon BP, Ferree DC, Zabadal TJ (1997) Grape bud survival in the Midwest following the winter of 1993-94. Fruit Varieties Journal. 51, 53-59.
Canny MJ (1997) Vessel contents during transpiration embolism and refilling. American Journal of Botany. 84, 1223-1230.
Crane JC, Nelson MM (1971)The unusual mechanism of alternate bearing in the pistachio. HortScience. 6,489-490.
Dehghanipoodeh S, Askari MA, Talaei AR, Babalar M (2018) Evaluation the preharvest application of iron and nitrogen on some qualitative characteristics of two apple cultivars during cold storage. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 5(1), 31-42.
Ferguson L, Maranto J, Beede R (1995) Mechanical topping mitigates alternate bearing on ‘Kerman’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). HortScience. 30, 1369-1372.
Flinn CL, Ashworth EN (1994) Blueberry flower bud hardiness is not estimated by differential thermal analysis Journal of American Society Horticultural Sciences. 119, 295-298.
Foyer CH, Lelandais M, Kunert KJ (1994) Photooxidative stress in plants. Physiology of Plant. 92, 696-717.
Fuller MP, Wisniewski M (1998) The use of infrared thermal imaging in the study of ice nucleation and freezing of plants. Journal of Thermal and Biology. 23, 81-89.
Ghasemi Soluklui AA, Ershadi A, Tabatabaee ZE, Fallahi E (2014) Paclobutrazol-induced biochemical changes in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. ‘Malas Saveh’ under freezing stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 1(2), 181-90.
Griffith M, Antikienen M (1996) Extracellular ice formation in freezing tolerant plants. Advances in Low Temperature Biology. 3, 107-139.
Guy CL (1990) Cold acclimation and freezing stress tolerance: role of protein metabolism. Annual Review Plant Physiology Plant Molecular and Biology. 41, 187-223.
Hara M, Terashima S, Kuboi T (2001) Characterization and cryoprotective activity of cold responsive dehydrin from Citrus unshui. Journal of Plant Physiology. 158, 1333-1339.
Heino P, Palva ET (2003) Signal transduction in plant cold acclimation. In plant response to abiotic stress. Hirt H, Shinozaki K Eds. Topics Current Genetics. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 4, 151-186.
Ishikawa M, Price WS, Arata H (1997) Visualization of freezing behaviors in leaf and flower buds of full moon maple by nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy. Plant Physiology. 115, 1515-1524.
Lichev V, Papachatzis A (2006) Influence of ten rootstock on cold hardiness of flowers of cherry cultivar ‘Bigarreau Burlat’. Scientific Works of The Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture. 25, 296-301.
Lind L (2002) Measuring cold hardiness in woody plants. University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Biology. Publication No. 10. Helsinki. P, 57.
Lindstrom OM, Dirr MA (1991) Cold hardiness of six cultivars of Chinese elm. HortScience. 26, 290-292.
Miraboolbaghi M, Zarghami R, Azghandi A (2010) Cold hardiness of different apple roorstock clones. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology.12, 153-156.
Monselise SP, Goldschmidt EE (1982) Alternate bearing in fruit trees. Horticultural Review. 4, 128-173.
Morin X, Ameglio T, Ahas R, Kurz-Besson C, Lanta V, Lebourgeois F, Miglietta F, Chuine I (2007) Variation in cold hardiness and carbohydrate concentration from dormancy induction to bud burst among provenances of three European oak species. Tree Physiology. 27, 817-825.
Norozi M, ValizadehKaji B, Karimi R, Nikoogoftar Sedghi M (2019) Effects of foliar application of potassium and zinc on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) fruit yield. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 6(1), 113-23.
Palta JP (1990) Stress interactions at the cellular and membranes levels. HortScience. 25, 1377-1381.
Pearce RS (2001) Plant freezing damage. Annual of Botony. 87, 417-424.
Rahemi M, Yazdani F, Sedaghat S (2016) Evaluation of freezing tolerance in olive cultivars by stomatal density and freezing stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 3(2), 145-53.
Rajashekar C, Westwood MN, Burke MJ (1982) Deep supercooling and cold hardiness in genus Pyrus. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Sciences. 107, 968-972.
Rekika D, Cousineau J, Levasseur A, Richer C, Fisher H, Khanizadeh S (2004) The use of a bud freezing technique to determine the hardiness of 20 grape genotypes. Acta Horticulture. 640, 207-212.
Shamshiri MH, Hasani MR (2015) Synergistic accumulative effects between exogenous salicylic acid and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Abareqi) seedlings under drought stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 2(2), 151-160.
Sharifkhah M, Bakhshi D, Pourghayoumi M, Abdi S, Hokmabadi H (2020) Effect of pollination time on yield and antioxidant properties of some pistachio cultivars. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 7(1), 51-8.
Sivaci A (2006) Seasonal changes of total carbohydrate contents in three varieties of apple (Malus sylvestris Miller) stem cuttings. Science of Horticulture. 109, 234-237.
Stergio BG, Howell GS (1977) Effect of site on cold acclimation and deacclimation of Concord grapevines. American Journal of Enology Viticulture. 28, 43-48.
Thomashow MF (1999) Plant cold acclimation: freezing tolerance genes and regulatory mechanisms. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 50, 571-599.
Weinbaum SA, Picchioni GA, Muraoka TT, Ferguson L, Brown PH (1994) Fertilizer nitrogen and boron uptake, storage, and allocation very during the alternate-bearing cycle in pistachio trees. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Sciences. 119, 24-31.
Welling A, Kaikuranta P, Rinne P (1997) Photoperiodic induction of dormancy and freezing tolerance in Betula pubescens. Involvement of ABA and dehydrins. Physiology and Plant. 100, 119-125.
Wolf TK, Warren MK (2000) Crop yield, quality, and winter injury of eight wine grape cultivars in Northern Virginia. Journal of American Pomology Society. 54, 34-43.
Xiong l, Schumaker KS, Zhu JK (2002b) Cell signaling during cold, drought, and salt stress. Plant Cell. 65-83.
