Optimal Current Meter Placement for Accurate Fault Location Purpose using Dynamic Time Warping

الموضوعات : مهندسی هوشمند برق

K. G. Firouzjah ¹ , A Sheikholeslam ²

1 - Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol (Noshirvani) University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
2 - Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol (Noshirvani) University of Technology, Babol, Iran.

تاريخ الإرسال : 24 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1436 تاريخ التأكيد : 24 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1436 تاريخ الإصدار : 14 السبت , شوال, 1433

الکلمات المفتاحية: Fault Location, Current Measurement placement, Dynamic Time Warping, Optimization, Bees Algorithm,

ملخص المقالة :

This paper presents a fault location technique for transmission lines with minimum current measurement. This algorithm investigates proper current ratios for fault location problem based on thevenin theory in faulty power networks and calculation of short circuit currents in each branch. These current ratios are extracted regarding lowest sensitivity on thevenin impedance variations of the network structure. Proposed algorithm compares current ratios from offline calculations with corresponding values achieved from measurements with a look-up table system. Best solution based on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is introduced as an output (location of the fault) which includes the line and the distance. Among many current ratios to form look-up table system, the minimum number of them will be extracted by a multi-objective optimization technique using Bees Algorithm (BA). This extraction is based on lowest possible number of buses for instruments installation and required current measurements, estimation accuracy and sensitivity degree from thevenin impedances changes. Accuracy of proposed algorithm is evaluated in a widely used multi-machine network of Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC).

المصادر:

[1]

A. Sauhats, M. Danilova, "Fault location algorithms for super high voltage power transmission lines", Power Tech, in Proc IEEE, Vol. 3, pp. 3, 2003.

[2]

Z. Galijasevic, A. Abur, "Fault location using voltage measurements", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 441 – 445, 2002.

[3]

P. Bastard, L. Garcia-Santander, X.Le. Pivert, I. Gal, E.L. Parra, "A voltage-based fault location method for radial distribution networks", in Proc IEEE, Power System Management and Control International Conference, No. 488, pp. 216 – 221, 2002.

[4]

C.E. de Morais Pereira, L.C. Zanetta, "Fault location in transmission lines using one-terminal postfault voltage data", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 570 – 575, 2004.

[5]

Li Yongli; Yi. Zhang; Ma. Zhiyu,"Fault location method based on the periodicity of the transient voltage traveling wave", TENCON, IEEE Region 10 Conference, Vol. 3, pp.

389 – 392, 2004.

[6]

Y.J. Xia, X.G. Yin, Z.H. Wang, J.C. Yang, X.B. Zhang, "A novel fault location scheme using voltage traveling-wave of CVTs", UPEC 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 768 – 772, 2004.

[7]

J.A. Jiang, J.Z. Yang, Y.H. Lin, C.W. Liu, J.C. Ma, "An adaptive PMU based fault detection/location technique for transmission lines, Part I: Theory and algorithms", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 15, pp. 486–493, 2000.

[8]

J.A. Jiang, Y.H. Lin, J.Z. Yang, T.M. Too, C.W. Liu, "An adaptive PMU based fault detection/location technique for transmission lines, Part II: PMU implementation and performance evaluation", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 15, pp. 1136–1146, 2000.

[9]

S.M. Brahma, "New fault-location method for a single multi terminal transmission line using synchronized phasor measurements", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1148 – 1153, 2006.

[10]

S.M. Brahma, A.A. Girgis, "Fault location on a transmission line using synchronized Voltage measurements", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 1619 – 1622, 2004.

[11]

S.M. Brahma,"Fault location scheme for a multi-terminal transmission line using synchronized Voltage measurements", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 2, Part 2, pp. 1325 – 1331, 2005.

[12]

K. G. Firouzjah, A. Sheikholeslami, "Current Independent Method Based on Synchronized Voltage Measurement for Fault Location on Transmission Lines,” Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Vol. 17, No.4, pp. 692-707, April 2009.

[13]

M.H.J. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality previous Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions, New York: Wiley, 2000.

[14]

R.F. Nuqui, and A.G. Phadke, "Phasor measurement unit placement techniques for complete and incomplete observability," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 4, Oct. 2005.

[15]

A. Ahmadi, Y. Alinejad-Beromi and M. Moradi, "Optimal PMU placement for power system observability using binary particle swarm optimization and considering measurement redundancy," Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 7263-7269, 2011.

[16]

R. Sodhi, S. C. Srivastava and S. N. Singh , "Optimal PMU placement method for complete topological and numerical observability of power system," Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 1154-1159, 2010.

[17]

S. Chakrabarti and E. Kyriakides, "Optimal placement of phasor measurement units for power system observability," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 1433–1440, 2008.

[18]

D.-J. Won and S.-I. Moon, "Optimal Number and Locations of Power Quality Monitors Considering System Topology," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 288–295, 2008.

[19]

M. A. Eldery, E. F. El-Saadany, M. M. A. Salama and A. Vannelia, "A Novel Power Quality Monitoring Allocation Algorithm," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 768 – 777, 2006.

[20]

J. Chen and A. Abur, "Placement of PMUs to Enable Bad Data Detection in State Estimation", IEEE Trans. Power System, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 1608-1615, 2006.

[21]

B. Xu and A. Abur, "Observability analysis and measurement placement for system with PMUs," in Proc. 2004 IEEE Power Systtem Conf., Vol. 2, pp. 943–946.

[22]

Yang X et al. "Coordinated algorithms for distributed state estimation with synchronized phasor measurements," Applied Energy, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.010

[23]

M. Hajian, A. M. Ranjbar, T. Amraee, and B. Mozafari,

International Journal of Smart Electrical Engineering, Vol.1, No.3, Fall 2012 ISSN: 2251-9246

173

“Optimal placement of PMUs to maintain network observability using a modified BPSO algorithm,” Int. J. Electric Power Energy System, Vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 28–34, Jan. 2011.

[24]

F. Aminifar, A. Khodaei, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. Shahidehpour, “Contingency constrained PMU placement in power networks,” IEEE Trans. Power System, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 516–23, 2010.

[25]

S. Chakrabarti, E. Kyriakides, DG. Eliades, “Placement of synchronized measurements for power system observability,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 12–9, 2009.

[26]

A. Enshaee, R. A. Hooshmand, F. H. Fesharaki, “A new method for optimal placement of phasor measurement units to maintain full network observability under various contingencies,” Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 89 pp. 1-10, 2012.

[27]

K. -P. Lien, C. -W. Liu, C. –S. Yu, and J.-A. Jiang, “Transmission network fault location observability with minimal PMU placement,” IEEE Trans.Power Del.,vol.21, no. 3, pp.1128-1136, Jul. 2006.

[28]

K. Mazlumi, H. A. Askarian, S. H. Sadegi, and S. S. Geramian, “ Determination of optimal pmu placement for fault-location observability,” in Third international conference on Electric UtilityDeregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, Apr. 6-9, 2008, pp. 1938-1942.

[29]

S. S. Geramian, H. A. Askarian, K. Mazlumi, “Determination of optimal PMU placement for fault location using genetic algorithm,” ICHQP-2008 13th International conference on Harmonics and Quality of power, pp. 1-5, 2008.

[30]

S. P. Pokharel, S. Brahma, “Optimal PMU placement for fault location in a power system,” North American Power Symposium (NAPS), pp. 1-5, 2009.

[31]

W. Pedrycz, Knowledge-Based Clustering - From Data to

Information Granules, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

[32]

A. Zehtabian, H. Hassanpour, A Non-destructive Approach for Noise Reduction in Time Domain, World Applied Sciences Journal 6 (1) (2009) 53-63.

[33]

M. Muller, Information Retrieval for Music and Motion, Ch. 4, Springer, 2007.

[34]

P. Senin, Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm Review, University of Hawaii, 2008.

[35]

D. T. Pham, A. Ghanbarzadeh, E. Koç, S. Otri , S. Rahim , M. Zaidi, The Bees Algorithm – A Novel Tool for Complex Optimisation Problems. Intelligent Production Machines and Systems. D.T. Pham, E.E. Eldukhri and A.J. Soroka (eds) . Cardiff University, Manufacturing Engineering Centre, Cardiff, UK. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2006.

[36]

Pham, D.T., Castellani, M., 2009. The Bees Algorithm – modeling foraging behaviour to solve continuous optimization problems. Proc. ImechE, Part C 223 (12), 2919–2938.

[37]

Seeley, T.D., 1996. The Wisdom of the Hive: The Social Physiology of Honey Bee Colonies. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

[38]

A.A. Fahmy, Using the Bees Algorithm to select the optimal speed parameters for wind turbine generators, Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 17–26, January 2012.

[39]

P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability: Galgotia publications, 1981.