انفصال یک جانبه کریمه از اوکراین از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل
الموضوعات :
دیدخت صادقی حقیقی
1
(عضو هیأت علمی گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
تاريخ الإرسال : 01 الخميس , ربيع الثاني, 1441
تاريخ التأكيد : 14 الإثنين , رجب, 1441
تاريخ الإصدار : 26 الخميس , جمادى الثانية, 1441
الکلمات المفتاحية:
حق تعیین سرنوشت,
انفصال چاره‌ساز,
مداخله نظامی,
انفصال یک جانبه,
همه‌پرسی,
ملخص المقالة :
در 16 مارس 2014 طی یک رفراندوم که با حمایت و مداخله نظامی روسیه برگزار شد، کریمه اعلام استقلال نمود و بطور یک جانبه از اوکراین جدا شد و بلافاصله مورد شناسایی روسیه قرار گرفت. سپس پارلمان کریمه خواهان الحاق به روسیه گردید و در زمانی کوتاه قرارداد الحاق را با روسیه منعد نمود و عملاً به روسیله پیوست. مقامات روسیه و کریمه برای توجیه اقدامات خود به اصول حقوق بین‌الملل، از جمله حق تعیین سرنوشت مردم کریمه و بطور ضمنی به تئوری انفصال چاره‌ساز استناد نمودند تا یک پایه حقوقی برای مداخله نظامی روسیه و کریمه و یک حق انفصال برای مردم این منطقه لحاظ نماید. لیکن مقارن شدن این جدایی با تحولات سیاسی در اوکراین و تسلط غرب‌گرایان بر حکومت کیف شائبه سیاسی بودن این جدایی را بشدت تقویت می‌نماید. این پژوهش مشروعیت انفصال یک جانبه کریمه از اوکراین را در چارچوب نظریات مطرح در حقوق بین‌الملل بررسی می‌نماید. هم‌چنین مداخله نظامی روسیه و توسل به زور این کشور در تحولات کریمه را مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌دهد. یافته این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که جدایی کریمه از اوکراین در چارچوب موازین حقوق بین‌الملل فاقد وجاهت قانونی بوده و اعمال انجام شده توسط روسیه در فرآیند جدایی و برگزاری همه‌پرسی برای اعلام استقلال یک جانبه کریمه، به لحاظ نقض قواعد آمرة عدم ”توسل به زور“ و ”عدم مداخله“، تخطی از حقوق بین‌الملل بوده و به این اعتبار اعلامیه استقلال کریمه در چارچوب موازین تثبیت شده حقوق بین‌الملل توجیه‌پذیر نمی‌باشد.
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