ماهیت حقوقی و ضمانت اجرای قرارهای دستور موقت دیوان بین المللی دادگستری در پرتو رویه دیوان و عملکرد کشورها

الموضوعات : تحقیقات حقوقی بین المللی

مهدیه اردشیر مقدم ¹ (گروه حقوق، واحد بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جزیره کیش، ایران. رایانامه: [e-mail])
هیبت الله نژندی منش ² (گروه حقوق، واحد بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جزیره کیش، ایران. استادیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول). رایانامه: [e-mail])
محمدعلی صلح چی ³ (گروه حقوق، واحد بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جزیره کیش، ایران. دانشیار حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. رایانامه: [e-mail])

تاريخ الإرسال : 16 الأربعاء , جمادى الثانية, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 07 السبت , صفر, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 29 الثلاثاء , شعبان, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری, ضمانت اجرا, قرار اقدامات موقتی, پرونده لاگراند, رویه دولت‌ها,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه و هدف: دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری به‌موجب اساسنامه خود از این اختیار برخوردار است تا به‌منظور حفظ حقوق طرف‌های اختلاف و همچنین جلوگیری از گسترش و وخامت اختلاف، قرار اقدامات موقتی را صادر نماید. این قرارها از همان ابتدا با تفسیر مختلف کشورهای مرتبط با اختلاف مواجه بوده‌اند. برخی از کشورها این قرارها را غیرالزام‌آور می‌دانستند؛ درحالی‌که برخی دیگر آن‌ها را الزام‌آور می‌دانستند. در دکترین نیز تا حدودی این اختلاف‌نظر وجود داشت. در نوشتار حاضر ضمن بررسی ماهیت حقوقی قرار اقدامات موقتی، این مسئله بحث شده است که آیا در حقوق بین‌الملل ضمانت اجرایی برای عملی کردن قرار اقدامات موقتی وجود دارد یا خیر؟ به‌علاوه در این خصوص رویه کشورها چگونه است؟روش: پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام‌شده است.یافته‌ها و نتایج: بنابر رویه دیوان، به‌ویژه در پرونده لاگراند، قرارهای اقدامات موقت دیوان الزام‌آور می‌باشند. ازاین‌رو، کشورهای مخاطب این قرارها ازنظر حقوقی ملزم به اجرای آن‌ها می‌باشند قرار اقدامات موقتی ازجمله تصمیمات الزام‌آور دیوان می‌باشد و کشورها برای اجرای آن روش‌های مختلفی ازجمله اقدامات یک‌جانبه، مراجعه به شورای امنیت، مراجعه به محاکم داخلی و اقدامات متقابل را بکار می‌برند. ضمانت اجرای قرارهای اقدامات موقتی همان ضمانت اجرای حقوق بین‌المللی می‌باشد.

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