On the Legitimacy of Cooperative Assessment: Examining EFL Learners’ Rating Accuracy in Assessing Cooperative Reading
الموضوعات : نشریه زبان و ترجمهMina Bolghari 1 , Parviz Birjandi 2 , Parviz Maftoon 3
1 - PhD Candidate in TEFL, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Professor, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Cooperative assessment, Cooperative reading, Rating accuracy, Self- and peer-assessment,
ملخص المقالة :
Cooperative learning has attracted ever-increasing research literature on language studies, among which EFL reading instruction abounds with numerous examples in favor of cooperative learning. However, there is a common belief that if cooperative learning were not assessed, students would be unlikely to take it seriously. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine EFL learners’ accuracy in assessing cooperative reading. To this end, 60 sophomores majoring in English translation at Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, participated in this study. Data were collected in the course of 15 weeks. Each week, first, the participants cooperatively read an expository passage in 15 four-member groups in class. Then, each participant was asked to carry out an individual reading assignment at home. For the cooperative reading assessment, both the group performance and the individual homework assignment of each participant was weekly self-, peer-, and instructor-assessed. The results demonstrated the participants’ reasonable accuracy in assessing cooperative reading. Furthermore, the qualitative findings obtained from a semi-structured focus group interview showed that the participants perceived cooperative reading assessment positively. The study may produce credible evidence for using cooperative assessment as a reasonably honest approach to evaluate EFL learners’ reading performance.
Azizinezhad, M., Hashemi, M., & Darvishi, S. (2013). Application of cooperative learning in EFL classes to enhance the students’ language learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 138-141. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013 .09.166
Bachelor, R. B. (2017). Alternative assessments and student perceptions in the world language classroom. The TFLTA Journal, 6, 30-44.Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/
Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. S. (1989). The construct validation of self-ratings of communicative language ability. Language Testing, 6(1), 14-29. doi: 10.1177/026553228900600104
Ballantine, J., & Mccourt Larres, P. (2007). Final year accounting undergraduates’ attitudes to group assessment and the role of learning logs. Accounting Education: An International Journal, 16(2), 163-183. doi: 10.1080/09639280701234419
Brown, A. L., & Day, J. D. (1983). Macr orules for summarizing texts: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(1), 1-14. Retrieved from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/
Cheng, W., & Warren, M. (2000). Making a difference: Using peers to assess individual students’ contributions to a group project. Teaching in Higher Education, 5(2), 243-255. doi: 10.1080/135625100114885
Cheng, W., & Warren, M. (2005). Peer assessment of language proficiency. Language Testing, 22(1), 93-121. doi: 10.1191/0265532205lt298oa
Davies, W. M. (2009). Groupwork as a form of assessment: Common problems and recommended solutions. Higher Education, 58(4), 563-584. doi: 10.1007/s10734-009-9216-y
Dörnyei, Z. (1997). Psychological processes in cooperative language learning: Group dynamics and motivation. The Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 482-493. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4781. 1997. tb055 15.x/
Falchikov, N. (1986). Product comparisons and process benefits of collaborative peer group and self assessments. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 11(2), 146-166. doi: 10.1080/0260293860110206
Falchikov, N. (1993). Group process analysis: Self and peer assessment of working together in a group. Educational and Training Technology, 30(3), 275-284. doi: 10.1080/0954730930300308
Falchikov, N., & Boud, D. (1989). Student self-assessment in higher education: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 59(4), 395-430. doi: 10.3102/00346543059004395
Falchikov, N., & Goldfinch, J. (2000). Student peer assessment in higher education: A meta-analysis comparing peer and teacher marks. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 287-322. doi: 10.3102/00346543070003287
Freeman, M. (1995). Peer assessment by groups of group work. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 20(3), 289-300. doi: 10. 108 0/0 26029 3950 200305
Gatfield, T. (1999). Examining student satisfaction with group projects and peer assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 24(4), 365-377. doi: 10.1080/0260293990 240401
George, J. M. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic origins of perceived social loafing in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 35(1), 191-202. doi: 10.2307/256478
Gibbs, G. (2009). The assessment of group work: lessons from the literature. Assessment Standards Knowledge Exchange, 1-17.Retrieved from http://www.brookes.ac.uk/aske
Goldfinch, J. (1994). Further developments in peer assessment of group projects. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 19(1), 29-35. doi: 10.1080/0260293940190103
Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language: Moving from theory to practice. Cambridge: : CUP.
Houldsworth, C., & Mathews, B. P. (2000). Group composition, performance, and educational attainment. Education+ Training, 42(1), 40-53. doi: 10.1108/00400910010317086
Jalilifar, A. (2010). The effect of cooperative learning techniques on college students reading comprehension. System, 38, 96-108. doi:10.1016/ 2009.12.009
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. (1990). What is cooperative learning? . In M. Brubacher, R. Payne, & K. Rickett (Eds.), Perspectives on small group learning: Theory and practice (pp. 68-79). Ontario, Canada: Rubicon.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1999). Making cooperative learning work. Theory into Practice, 38(2), 67-73. doi: 10.1080/00405849909543834
Johnston, L., & Miles, L. (2004). Assessing contributions to group assignments. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(6), 751-768. doi: 10.1080/0260293042000227272
Klingner, J. K., & Vaughn, S. (1999). Promoting reading comprehension, content learning, and English acquisition though collaborative strategic reading (CSR). The Reading Teacher, 52(7), 738-747. Retrieved fromhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/20204676
Latané, B. (1981). The psychology of social impact. American psychologist, 36(4), 343-356. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.36.4.343
Lejk, M., Wyvill, M., & Farrow, S. (1996). A survey of methods of deriving individual grades from group assessments. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 21(3), 267-280. doi: 10.1080/0260293960210306
Li, M., & Campbell, J. (2008). Asian students’ perceptions of group work and group assignments in a New Zealand tertiary institution. Intercultural Education, 19(3), 203-216. doi: 10. 1080 /026 0293032000066191
Marzban, A., & Alinejad, F. (2014). The effect of cooperative learning on reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3744- 3748.doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.834
McWhaw, K., Schnackenberg, H., Sclater, J., & Abrami, P. C. (2003). From co-operation to collaboration: Helping students become collaborative learners. In R. M. Gillies & A. F. Ashman (Eds.), Co-operative learning: The social and intellectual outcomes of learning in groups (pp. 54-68). New York, NY: Routledge.
Muñoz, A., & Alvarez, M. E. (2007). Students’ objectivity and perception of self-assessment in an EFL classroom. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 4(2), 1-25.Retrieved from http://www .academia.edu
Nuttall, C. (1996). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language (2nd ed.). Oxford: Macmillan Heinemann.
Ozogul, G., & Sullivan, H. (2009). Student performance and attitudes under formative evaluation by teacher, self and peer evaluators. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(3), 393-410. doi: 10.1007/s11423-007-9052-7
Paleczek, L., Seifert, S., Schwab, S., & Gasteiger-Klicpera, B. (2015). Assessing reading and spelling abilities from three different angles–correlations between test scores, teachers’ assessment and children’s self-assessments in L1 and L2 children. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 2200-2210. doi: 1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.876
Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175. doi:10.1207/s1532690xci0102
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual (5th ed.). New York, NY: : McGraw-Hill Education.
Patri, M. (2002). The influence of peer feedback on self-and peer-assessment of oral skills. Language Testing, 19(2), 109-131. doi: 10.1191/0265532202 lt224oa
Praver, M., Rouault, G., & Eidswick, J. (2011). Attitudes and affect toward peer evaluation in EFL reading circles. The Reading Matrix, 11(2), 89-101.Retrieved from http://www.readingmatrix.com/
Reid, J. M. (1987). The learning style preferences of ESL students. TESOL Quarterly, 21(1), 87-110. doi: 10.2307/3586356/full
Roger, T., & Johnson, D. W. (1994). An overview of cooperative learning. In J. Thousand, A. Villa, & A. Nevin (Eds.), Creativity and collaborative learning (pp. 1-21). Baltimore, Maryland: Brookes Press.
Ross, S. (1998). Self-assessment in second language testing: A meta-analysis and analysis of experiential factors. Language Testing, 15(1), 1-20. doi: 10.1177/026553229801500101
Saito, H., & Fujita, T. (2009). Peer-assessing peers’ contribution to EFL group presentations. RELC Journal, 40(2), 149-171. doi: 10. 1177/0033688209 105868
Shokri, M. (2015). On the accuracy of Iranian EFL students’ reading self-assessment and their level of reading proficiency. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 3(3), 159-168.
Slavin, R.E. (1995). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Spatar, C., Penna, N., Mills, H., Kutija, V., & Cooke, M. (2015). A robust approach for mapping group marks to individual marks using peer assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40(3), 371-389. doi: 10.1080/02602938.2014.917270
Stefani, L. A. (1994). Peer, self, and tutor assessment: Relative reliabilities. Studies in Higher Education, 19(1), 69-75. doi: 10. 1080/030750794123 31382153
Strauss, P. (2001). ‘I'd rather vomit up a live hedgehog'-L2 students and group assessment in mainstream university programs. Prospect, 16(2), 55-66.Retrieved from http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au
Tepsuriwong, S., & Bunsom, T. (2013). Introducing peer assessment to a reading classroom: Expanding Thai University students’ learning boundaries beyond alphabetical symbols. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(14), 279-286.Retrieved from http://www. mcser.org
Williams, E. (1992). Student attitudes towards approaches to learning and assessment. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 17(1), 45-58. doi: 10.1080/0260293920170105
Woolhouse, M. (1999). Peer assessment: The participants’ perception of two activities on a further education teacher education course. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 23(2), 211-219. doi: 10.1080/0309877990230205
Zhang, B., Johnston, L., & Kilic, G. B. (2008). Assessing the reliability of self‐and peer rating in student group work. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 33(3), 329-340. doi: 10.1080/02602930701293181.