هواژل‌ها، مواد نانوساختار سه‌بعدی: روش‌های سنتز، مشخصه‌یابی و کاربردها
الموضوعات :مرتضی نامور 1 , مصطفی مهین روستا 2 , علی اله وردی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی شیمی، آزمایشگاه تحقیقات صنایع شیمیایی معدنی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
2 - دکتری مهندسی شیمی، آزمایشگاه تحقیقات صنایع شیمیایی معدنی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
3 - استاد مهندسی شیمی، آزمایشگاه تحقیقات صنایع شیمیایی معدنی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: سنتز, کاربردها, هواژل, خشک‌کردن, مشخصه‌یابی,
ملخص المقالة :
هواژل ها به دلیل ویژگی شگفت‌انگیز و کاربردهای بالقوه‌شان در حوزه‌های بسیار متنوع فناوری، توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده‌اند. هواژل ها شبکه‌های متخلخل سه‌بعدی یا موادی با ساختار متخلخل هستند که از ژل‌های مرطوب به دست می‌آیند، جایی که حلال‌ها با هوا جایگزین شده‌اند. خشک‌کردن ژل یک مرحله حیاتی در تهیه هواژل است. تاکنون روش‌های زیادی برای خشک‌کردن هواژل به‌کاربرده شده است که متداول‌ترین، امن‌ترین و ارزان‌ترین روش، روش خشک‌کردن در فشار محیط است. به دلیل هزینه بالا در سنتز هواژل های یکپارچه، در سال‌های اخیر تهیه هواژل های متخلخل با روش‌های نوین خشک‌کردن در مقیاس بالا مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرارگرفته است. در این مقاله، به معرفی هواژل، انواع آن، تاریخچه، ویژگی‌ها، طبقه‌بندی، سنتز و کاربردهای این ماده ارزشمند پرداخته شده است. از هواژل ها در کاربردهای فنی جدیدی به عنوان عایق گرمایی کارامد، کاتالیست، ذخیره‌ساز انرژی، جاذب تصفیه آب و جاذب صدا استفاده می‌شود. همچنین، هواژل ها در زیست پزشکی و حسگرها نیز به کار می‌روند. بحث در مورد چالش‌ها، محدودیت‌ها و نیاز مبرم به توسعه فناوری‌های جدید برای تولید هواژل ارایه شده است.
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_||_[1] Fricke, J.; Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 100, 169-173, 1988.
[2] Fricke, J.; Emmerling, A.; Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 13, 299-303, 1998.
[3] Namvar, M.; Mahinroosta, M.; Allahverdi, A; Mohammadzadeh, K.; Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 586, 121561, 2022.
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[5] Gesser, H.D.; Goswami P.C.; Chemical Reviews 89,765-788, 1989.
[6] Wu, X.; Zhou, J.; Xing, W.; Wang, G.; Cui, H.; Zhuo, S.; Xue, Q.; Yan, Z.; Qiao, S. Z.; Journal of Materials Chemistry 43, 23186-23193, 2012.
[7] Lin, Y.; Ehlert, G.J.; Bukowsky, C.; Sodano, H.A.; ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, 2200-2203, 2011.
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[12] Mahinroosta, M.; Allahverdi, A.; Dong, P.; Bassim, N.; Journal of Alloys and Compounds 792, 161-169, 2019.
[13] Maghsoodloorad, H.; Allahverdi, A.; Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 29, 04017006, 2017.
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[46] Mahinroosta, M.; Allahverdi, A.; Journal of Cleaner Production 179, 93-102, 2018.
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[48] Lermontov, S.A.; Malkova, A.N.; Sipyagina, N.A.; Baranchikov, A.E.; Kopitsa, G.P.; Bespalov, A.S.; Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 109742, 2021.
[49] Sun, M.; Bu, Y.; Feng, J.; Li, C.; Han, S.; Ji, X.; Fan, J.; Microchemical Journal 159, 105573, 2020.
[50] Mekonnen, B.T.; Ding, W.; Liu, H.; Guo, S.; Pang, X.; Ding, Z.; Seid, M..; Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 3, 1-16, 2021.
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[57] Matson, D.W.; Smith, R.D.; Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72, 871-881, 1989.
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