Farm Food Safety Practices in the North of Iran
الموضوعات :احمد عابدی سروستانی 1 , آمنه آورند 2
1 - گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد ترویج کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
الکلمات المفتاحية: farmers, Agricultural Products, Food Safety, Field Sanitation,
ملخص المقالة :
Food safety begins on the farms and farmers play a crucial role in producing healthy food. Several factors were investigated here including water quality, labor health, health facilities, packaging and storage, transportation, fertilizers and solid organic materials, and field sanitation to reach more comprehensive results. So, 380 farmers were selected from 77 villages of rural areas of Gonbad-e Kavus County, north of Iran, using multistage random sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed with the SPSS18 software. Results showed that the score of the food safety practice index was above average and could be evaluated at a good level. Farmers had the best practice in “field sanitation” and the worst practice in “labor health”. Literate farmers had better food safety practices than illiterate farmers. The food safety practice index showed positive correlations with educational level and farmer income from other jobs. However, negative correlations were observed regarding farmer age, job experience and income from husbandry. It is suggested that educational programs and essential facilities are needed to enable farmers to adhere to farm food safety practices.
Akanda, E.A., & Roknuzzaman, M.D. (2012). Agricultural information literacy of farmers in the Northern region of Bangladesh. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 2(6), 1-11.
Alaimo, K., Olsan, C.M., & Frongillo, E. (2001). Food insufficiency and American school-aged children cognitive, academic and psychosocial development. Pediatrics, 108, 44-53.
Asfaw, S., Mithofer, D., & Waibel, H. (2009). EU food safety standards, pesticide use farm-level productivity: The case of high-value crops in Kenya. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 60(3), 645-667.
Chaves, R.D., Alvarenga, V.O. Campagnollo, F.B., Caturla, M.Y.R., & Sant'Ana, A.S. (2016). Food safety. In C. Larroche, M. Sanroman, Guocheng Du & A. Pandey (Eds.), Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering (pp. 245-259). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
DAFSIS (2003, May). Changes in consumer knowledge, behavior, and confidence since the 1997 PR/HACCP Final Rule. Retrieved from: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/research/haccpimpacts.pdf.
De Boeck, E., Mortier, A.V., Jacxsens, L., Dequidt, L., & Vlerick, P. (2017). Towards an extended food safety culture model: Studying the moderating role of burnout and jobstress, the mediating role of food safety knowledge and motivation in the relation between food safety climate and food safety behavior. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 62, 202-214.
Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry (2004). Guidelines for On-Farm Food Safety for Fresh Produce. Australia: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.
Diaz, R.I., & Cabrera, D.D. (1997). Safety climate and attitude as evaluation measures of organizational safety. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 29(5), 643-650.
Dudeja, P., & Singh, A. (2016). Food safety from farm-to-fork: Food safety issues related to animal foods at farm. In R.K. Gupta, P. Dudeja & S. Minhas (Eds.), Food Safety in the 21st Century: Public Health Perspective (pp.193-201). Amsterdam: Academic Press.
FAO (2003). Incentives for the Adoption of Good Agricultural Practices. Rome: FAO.
Flynn, K., Villarreal, B.P., Barranco, A., Belc, N., Bjornsdottir, B., Fusco, V., Rainieri, S., Samaradottir, S.E., Smeu, I., Teixeira, P., & Jorundsdottir, H.O. (2018). An introduction to current food safety needs. Trends in Food Science & Technology, in press.
Fung, F., Wang, H.S., & Menon, S. (2018). Food safety in the 21st century. Biomedical Journal, 41(2), 88-95.
Godwin, S., Coppings, R., Speller-Henderson, L., & Pearson, L. (2005). Study finds consumer food safety knowledge lacking. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 97(2), 40-44.
International Finance Corporation (2016). Investing Wisely in Food Safety: How to Maximize the Benefits and Reduce Costs. Washingtown, DC: IFC.
Kolovelonis, A., Goudas, M., & Dermitzaki, I. (2011). The effect of different goals and self-recording on self-regulation of learning a motor skill in a physical education setting. Learning and Instruction, 21(3), 355-364.
Lynch, M., Painte, J., Woodruff, R., & Barden, C. (2006). Surveillance for foodborne-disease outbreaks United States 1998-2002. MMWR Surveill Summ, 55, 1-42.
Malhan, I.V., & Singh, J. (2010). Agriculture information literacy: A sine qua non for Indian farmers to bridge the agriculture knowledge gaps in India. In: Information Literacy: Context, Community, Culture, IFLA Information Literacy Section Satellite Meeting (pp.12-13), 8-9 August, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Northen, J.R. (2001). Using farm assurance scheme to signal food safety to multiple food retailers in the U.K. International and Agribusiness Management Review, 4, 37-50.
Parker, J.S., Wilson, R.S., LeJeune, J.T., & Doohan, D. (2012). Including growers in the food safety conversation: Enhancing the design and implementation of food safety programming based on farm and marketing needs of fresh fruit and vegetable producers. Agriculture and Human Values, 29, 303-319.
Pretty, J.N. (1995). Regenerating Agriculture: Policies and Practice/or Sustainability and Self-Reliance. London: Earthscan Publications.
Rezaei, R., Mianaji, S., & Ganjloo, A. (2018). Factors affecting farmers’ intention to engage in on-farm food safety practices in Iran: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Rural Studies, 60, 152-166.
Rezaei, A. (2018). Food safety: The farmer first health paradigm. One Health, 5, 69-73.
Riordan, N., Cowan, C., & McCarthy, M. (2002). Safety of Irish beef-concerns, awareness and knowledge of Irish consumers. Journal of Food Safety, 22, 1-15
Schneider, R.G., Schneider, K.R., & Rrcher, D.L. (2014). Food safety on the farm: An overview of good agricultural practices. Retrieved from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
Schwatz, N.E. (1995). Nutrition knowledge, atittude, and practices of high school graduates. Journal of American Dietary Association, 66(1), 28-31.
Scott, E. (2003). Food safety and foodborne disease in 21st century homes. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14(5), 277–280.
Sharifimoghaddam, M. (2010). Principles and Necessities of Security and Health in Agricultural Products: The Ways and Regulations for Delivering Healthy and Organic Products. Tehran: Public Relation and International Affairs of Fruits and Vegetation Organization of Tehran Municipality. (In Persian).
Sheikholeslam, R. (2014). Women and health. Retrieved from: http://www.salamatiran.com. (In Persian).
Soon, J.M., & Baines, R.N. (2011). Farm food safety and diseases risk assessment: case studies from the horticultural and salmonid farms. Journal of Risk Research, 15(4), 389-403.
Spielmaker, D.M., & Leising, J.G. (2013). National Agricultural Literacy Outcomes, Utah State University: School of Applied Sciences & Technology, Logan, UT.
Tobin, D., Thomson, J., LaBorde, L., & Radhakrishna, R. (2013). Factors affecting growers’ on-farm food safety practices: Evaluation findings from Penn State Extension programming. Food Control, 33, 73-80.
Turner, A.J. (1997). Veterinarians and the promotion of food safety on the farm. Australian Veterinary Journal, 75(6), 416.
Unnevehr, L. (2015). Food safety in developing countries: Moving beyond exports. Global Food Security, 4, 24-29.
Unicomb, L.E. (2009). Food safety: pathogen transmission routes, hygiene practices and prevention. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 27(5), 599–601.
WHO (2000). Foodborne Disease: A Focus for Health Education. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO (2017, October). Food safety. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety.
