ملخص المقالة :
The effect of potash biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer was studied on quantitative and qualitative traits of periwinkle in a factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Design with three replications, 48 experimental units, and two factors: (1) different methods of potash bio-fertilizer application at four levels of control (B0), seed inoculation (B1), root inoculation (B2) and seed inoculation × root inoculation (B3), and (2) different rates of potassium on fertigation at four levels of 0 (K0), 100 (K1), 200 (K2) and 300 mgL-1 (K3). It was found that the longest shelf life of 35.58 days was related to the treatment of root inoculation × 100 mgL-1 K. The highest number of auxiliary branches (3.66), number of leaves (42.88), plant fresh weight (17.69 g), number of flowers (4.46), and chlorophyll a (10.61 mg g-1 F.W.) were obtained from the treatment of seed inoculation × 300 mgL-1 K. The treatment of root inoculation × 200 mgL-1 K was the best treatment for plant potassium content (28.9 mgkg-1). The highest petal anthocyanin content amounted 178.04 mg 100 g-1 D.W. was observed in the treatment of ‘seed inoculation × root inoculation’ × 0 mg l-1 K. The best treatment of enhancing of qualitative and quantiative traits of periwinkle was seed inoculation × 300 mgL-1 K.
المصادر:
Afzal, A., Ashraf, M., Asad, S.A. and Faroog, M. 2005. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganism
on phosphorus uptake, yield and yield traits of wheat (Tritticum aestirum L.) in rainfed areae. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 7: 207-209.
Azizabadi, E., Golchin, A. and Delavar, M.A. 2014. Effect of potassium and drought stress on
growth indices and mineral content of safflower leaf. Journal of Science and Technology of
Greenhouse Culture, 5(19): 65 -79. (In Persian).
Brown, P.H. Cakmak, I. and Zhang, Q. 1993. Form and function of zinc in plants: 93-106. In: Robson,
A.D. (Ed.). Zinc in soils and plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands,
208p.
Chen, H. and Chen, T. 1960. Characteristic of morphology and physiology and ability to weather
mineral bearing phosphorus and potassium of silicate bacteria. Microorganism, 3: 104-112.
Csizinsky, A.A. 1999. Yield response of herbs to nitrogen and potassium in sand in multiple harvests.
Journal of Herbs Spices and Medicinal Plants, 6(4): 11-23.
Diep, C.N. and Hieu, T.N. 2013. Phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria from weathered
materials of denatured rock mountain. American Journal of Life Sciences, 1(3): 88-92.
Dorjdor, J., Yazdansetad, S., Arzanesh, M.H. and Ajoudanifar, H. 2014. Screening of indigenous
potassium solubilizing bacterial strains and evaluation of their ability in solubilisation of absorbable
potassium. Journal of Microbial World, 7(3): 252-264. (In Persian).
Ebrahimzadeh, H. 1978. Plant physiology (vol. 1) nutrition and absorption. Tehran University Publications.
689 page. (In Persian).
Fawazy, Z.F., El-Nemr, M.A. and Saleh, S.A. 2007. Influence of levels and methods of potassium
fertilizer application on growth and yield of egg plant. Journal of Applied Sciences Research,
3(1): 42-49.
Han. H.S. and Lee, K.D. 2005. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria effect on antioxidant status,
photosynthesis, mineral uptake and growth of lettuce under soil salinity. Agric. Biol. Sci. 6:155-180.
Hashemabadi, D., Zaredost, F., Barari Ziyabari, M., Zarchini, M., Kaviani, B., Jadid Solimandarabi,
M., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Zarchini, S. 2012. Influence of phosphate bio-fertilizer
on quantity and quality features of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Australian Journal of Crop
Science. 6(6):1101-1109.
Hassan, A.R., Habib, A.A. and Ezz El-Din, A.A. 2009. Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization
on growth, yield and alkaloidal content of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus G. Don). Medicinal
and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 3(1): 24-26.
Karimi, H. Abdol Zadeh, A. and Sadeghipour, H.R. 2009. Effects of potassium nutrition on sesbania
aculeate plants grown in greenhouse under salinity. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources, 15(6): 1-13. (In Persian).
Keshavarz, J., Aliasgharzade, N., Oustan, S., Emadi, M. and Ahmadi, A. 2013. Isolation and characterization
of potassium solubilizing bacteria in some Iranian soils. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,
59(12): 1713-1723.
Khalid, A., Arshad, M. and Zahir, Z.A. 2004. Screening plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for
improving growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 96: 473-480.
Kumar, A.A. and Kumar, M. 2008. Studies on the efficacy of sulphate of potash on physiological,
yield and quality parameters of Banana cv. Robusta (Cavendish-AAA). EurAsian Journal of
BioSciences, 2:102-109.
Luo, H., Chang, R., Wang, S., Xu, J., Zhou, X. and Zhang, J. 2011. Screening of highly effective potassium
bacteria in rhizophere soil of high end brand tobacco in Yunnan, Southwest China. Journal of
Agricultural Science, 24(5): 1816-1817.
Malakouti, M.J. 2000. Sustainable agriculture in Iran by optimizing fertilizers, Iran. Karaj, Iran:
Agricultural Education. (In Persian).
Malakouti, M. J. and Homaee, M. 2004. Soil fertility of arid and semi-arid regions “difficulties
and solutions”. 2nd Ed. Tarbiat Modaress University Publication. 494 page.
Malakooti, M.J., Keshvarzi, P. and Karimian, N. 2008. Develop a comprehensive approachto diagnosis
and optimal fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Tarbiat Modarres University Press. 744 page. (In Persian).
Marius, S., Octavita, A., Eugen, U. and Vlad, A. 2005. Study of a microbial inoculation on several
biochemical indices in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Genetics and Molecular Biology, 11-14.
Mazumdar, B.C. and Majumdar, K. 2003. Methods on physicochemical analysis of fruits. www.
Sundeepbooks.com. 187p.
Mehana, T.A. and Vahid, O.A. 2002. Associative effect of phosphate dissolving fungi, rhizobium
and phosphate fertilizer on some soil properties yield components and the phosphorus and nitrogen
concentration and uptake by Vicia faba L. under field conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological
Sciences, 5: 1226-1231.
Nanadal, J.K., Ramesh. V. and Pandey, U.P. 1998. Effect of phosphorus and potassium on growth,
yield and quality of tomato. Journal of Potassium Research. 14(1/4): 44-49.
Niakan, M., Khavarynejad, R. A. and Rezaee. M. B. 2004. Effect of different rates of N/P/K fertilizeron leaf fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and oil content in Mentha piperita L. Iranian Journal
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 20 (2): 131-148. (In Persian).
Osman, A.G. 2009. Study of some characteristics of silicate bacteria. Journal of Science and Technology.,10(3): 27-35.
Palizdar, M., Delkhosh, B., Shiranirad, A.H. and Noormohammadi, Gh. 2013. Investigation on effectsof irrigation regimes and potassium content on yield and yield components of safflower
(Carthamus tinctorius L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28( 4): 628-645.
(In Persian).
Parhizkar-Khajani, F., Irannezhad, H., Amiri, R., Oraki, H. and Majidian, M. 2012. Effects of differentlevels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of oil
flax. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 5 (1): 37-51. (In Persian).
Parma, P. and Sindhu. S.S. 2013. Potassium solubilizition by rhizophere bacteria: influence of nutririonaland environmental conditions. Journal of Microbiology Research. 3(1): 25-31.
Rahimzadeh, N., Olamaei, M., Khormali, F., Dordipour, E. and Amini, A. 2013. The effect of silicatedissolving bacteria on potassium release from glauconite in canola (Brassica napus) rhizosphere.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 3(2): 169-185. (In Persian).
Saber Hamishegi, F.,Torang, A., Mobaleghi, M., Dehpouri, A. and Saber Hamishegi, Z. 2013. studyof nitrogen and potash fertilizers on crop yield, soluble and non soluble sugar in stevia plant
(Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni). New Findings In Agriculture, 7(2-26): 127-135. (In Persian).
Worth, H.G. 1985. A comparison of the measurement of sodium and potassium by flame photometry
and ionselective electrode. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 22: 343-350.
