طراحی مدل کارآفرینی اجتماعی دیجیتال
الموضوعات :
ایمان جعفری نسب
1
(گروه کارآفرینی ، دانشکده مدیریت ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،دهاقان ،ایران)
علیرضا شیروانی جوزدانی
2
(دانشیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دهاقان، ایران(نویسنده مسؤول))
سید محمد رضا داودی
3
(گروه مدیریت، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دهاقان، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: کارآفرینی, کارآفرینی اجتماعی, کارآفرینی دیجیتال, کارآفرینی اجتماعی دیجیتال,
ملخص المقالة :
کارآفرینی اجتماعی اغلب اهداف گسترده ای در زمینه های اجتماعی، محیط زیستی و فرهنگی دنبال می‌کند و اغلب با بخش داوطلبانه و غیرانتفاعی در ارتباط و همکاری است. کارآفرینی اجتماعی به‌دنبال روش‌هایی سودمند برای ارتقای عدالت اجتماعی و حل خلاقانه مسائل و چالش‌های اجتماعی جامعه است. احساس نیاز به ایجاد تعادل بین دو مقوله توسعه اقتصادی و عدالت اجتماعی کارآفرین اجتماعی را برمی‌انگیزاند که از فرصت‌ها و شیوه‌های مؤثری که بازده اجتماعی عام‌تری دارد بهره بگیرد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل کارآفرینی اجتماعی دیجیتال و ارائه راه‌حل‌های مسائل اجتماعی از طریق بستر دیجیتال و فضای مجازی به‌منظور توسعه خدمات اجتماعی و با استفاده از رویکرد داده‌بنیاد بر اساس سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش کلیه کسب‌وکارهای حوزه اجتماعی و حوزه دیجیتال کشور بوده است و با توجه به کیفی‌بودن پژوهش، نمونه‌گیری از طریق شناسایی نمونه‌های بسیار موفق و کارآفرینان خبره در این دو حوزه کسب‌وکار به روش گلوله برفی انتخاب و مورد مطالعه عمیق قرار گرفته است و با توجه به کمبود تحقیقات کیفی در زمینه کارآفرینی اجتماعی دیجیتال، بر اساس مصاحبه با 11 نفر از خبرگان و فعالان موفق این دو حوزه، به اشباع نظری رسیده است. یافته‌های پژوهش به شناسایی 33 مؤلفه تأثیرگذار در قالب مقوله‌های شرایط علّی و زمینه‌ای، مداخله‌گرها و راهبردهای تحقق کارآفرینی اجتماعی دیجیتال و تبیین پیامدهای آن منتهی شده است.
1.Albert, L.S., Dean, T.J. & Baron, R.A. (2016), From social value to social cognition: How social ventures obtain the resources they need for social transformation. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 7(3), 289-311.
2.Amiri, Z., Esmaili, M.R., Sephovand, R., & Mousavi, S.A. (2017), "Presenting the model of behavioral entropy in the organization (case study: Isfahan Municipality)", Scientific-Research Quarterly of Government Organizations Management, 6(4), 37-56. doi: 10.30473/ipom.2018.5081. [In Persian]
3.Askari Beshkani, F. (2017), Identifying the driving factors affecting the success of social entrepreneurship, Master's thesis, Fallah, M.R., Faculty of Business Administration, Hazrat Masoumeh (S) University. [In Persian]
4.Barinaga, E. (2012), Overcoming inertia: The social question in social entrepreneurship, In Handbook on organisational entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar Publishing.
5.Battisti, S. (2019), Digital social entrepreneurs as bridges in public–private partnerships. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 135-158. https://doi.org /10. 1080/19420676.2018.1541006.
6.Bavarsad, B., & Qezelbash, H. (2021), evaluating the mediating role of social entrepreneurship in the effect of social capital and human capital on operational performance, Change Management Journal, 13(26), 157-184. https://doi.org/10. 22067/tmj.2022.31039.0 [In Persian]
7.Brown, R., & Rocha, A., (2020), Entrepreneurial uncertainty during the COVID-19 crisis: mapping the temporal dynamics of entrepreneurial finance, J. Bus. Ventur. Insights, 14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00174.
8.Burtch, G., Carnahan, S., & Greenwood, B.N. (2018), Can you gig it? An empirical examination of the gig economy and entrepreneurial activity. Management Science, 64(12), 5497-5520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2744352.
9.Creswell, J.W., & Miller, D.L. (2000), Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into practice, 39(3), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2.
10.Chandna, V. (2022). Social entrepreneurship and digital platforms: Crowdfunding in the sharing-economy era. Business Horizons, 65(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.bushor.2021.09.005.
11.Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage Publication. DOI: https:// doi.org/ 10.4135/9781452230153.
12.Davidsson, P. (2016), The field of entrepreneurship research: Some significant developments. In Contemporary entrepreneurship, 17-28, Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28134-6_2.
13.Day, S.W., & Jean-Denis, H. (2018), Resource based view of social entrepreneurship: Putting the pieces together. Journal of Strategic Innovation & Sustainability, 11(2), 59-69. https://www.articlegateway.com/index.php/JSIS/article/view/820.
14.Dehghani-Sultani, M., Soleimani-Damaneh, R., & Haddadi, S. (2022), the role of tendency towards social entrepreneurship in the development of market orientation and value co-creation, International Business Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tabriz University, 5(3), 115-135. DOI: 10.22034/JIBA.2022. 51064.1872 [In Persian]
15.Dembek, K., Singh, P., & Bhakoo, V. (2016), Literature review of shared value: A theoretical concept or a management buzzword?, Journal of Business Ethics, 137(2), 231-267. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24755774.
16.Doern, R., Williams, N., & Vorley, T., (2019), Special issue on entrepreneurship and crisis: business as usual? An introduction and review of the literature, Enterpren. Reg. Dev, 31, 400-412. DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2018.1541590.
17.Dong, X., & Wang, T. (2018), Social tie formation in Chinese online social commerce: The role of IT affordances, International Journal of Information Management, 42, 49-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.06.002.
18.Edelman, B.G., & Geradin, D. (2015), Efficiencies and regulatory shortcuts: How should we regulate companies like Airbnb and Uber, Stan. Tech. L. Rev, 19, 279-293.
19.Fotovat Eskandri, A., & Razmjooi, M. (2021), the effect of social entrepreneurship on organizational performance, 7th International Conference on Management and Accounting Sciences, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/1257862. [In Persian]
20.Friedman, E.A., Gostin, L.O., Maleche, A., Nilo, A., Foguito, F., Rugege, U., Stevenson, S., Gitahi, G., Ruano, A. L., Barry, M., Hossain, S., Lucien, F., Rusike, I., Hevia, M., Alwan, A., Cameron, E., Farmer, P., Flores, W., Hassim, A., …Periago, M.R. (2020), Global Health in the Age of COVID-19: Responsive Health Systems Through a Right to Health Fund, Health and Human Rights, 22(1), 199-207. https:// pubmed. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ 32669 801
21.Frydman, R., & Phelps, E.S. (2020), Insuring the survival of post-pandemic economies, In Center on Capitalism and Society Columbia University, (Issue.116), https:// academ iccommons.columbia. edu/doi/https://doi.Org/10.7916/d8-4y09-vc55/ download.
22.Ghatak, A., Chatterjee, S., & Bhowmick, B. (2020), Intention towards digital social entrepreneurship: An integrated model, Journal of Social Entrepreneurship. https:// doi.org/ 10.1080/19420676.2020. 1826563.
23.Fard, M., Kabaranzad ghadim, M.R., & Hachit Mofard, J. (2019), identifying and analyzing the dimensions of digital entrepreneurship development and presenting a model for it in small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies, Scientific Quarterly of Technology Development Management, 8(4), 49-80. [In Persian]
24.Kraus, S., Palmer, C., Kailer, N., Kallinger, F.L., & Spitzer, J. (2018), Digital entrepreneurship: A research agenda on new business models for the twenty-first century, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. https:// doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2018-0425.
25.Ibanez, M.J., Guerrero, M., Yanez‑Valdes, C., & Barros‑Celume, S. (2021), Digital social entrepreneurship: The N‑Helix response to stakeholders’ COVID‑19 needs, The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10961 -021-09855-4.
26.Imani, A.M., Hosseinifar, A., & Mubaraki, M. (2016), the effect of social networks on digital entrepreneurship in knowledge-based companies, Smart Business Management Studies Quarterly, 22(1), 22-1. [In Persian]
27.Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985), Naturalistic Inquiry, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. DOI: 10.4236/ns.2012.48072.
28.Jonsson, P.O. (2017), On the Term 'Entrepreneur' and the Conceptualization of Entrepreneurship in the Literature of Classical Economics, Jonsson, Petur O. On the International Journal of English Linguistics, 7(6), 16-29. https://ssrn.com /abstract=3040094.
29.Mason, C., Hruskova, M. (2021), The impact of COVID-19 on entrepreneurial ecosystems in: McCann, P., Vorley, T. (Eds.), Productivity and the Pandemic, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. https://doi.org/10.4337/ 9781800374607.00011.
30.Nambisan, S. (2017), Digital entrepreneurship: Toward a digital technology perspective of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 41(6), 1029-1055. DOI:10.1111/etap.12254.
31.Patel, P.C., Rietveld, C.A. (2020), The impact of finanical insecurity on the self-employed’s short-termn psychological distress: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic, J. Bus. Ventur, Insights 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00206.
32.Pirmohammadi, S., Sifoori, J., & Qaderi, Sh. (2016), social entrepreneurship, effective factors and its role in economic development (emphasis on Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces), the first international conference on economic planning, sustainable and balanced regional development, approaches and Applications, University of Kurdistan, 1-8. [In Persian]
33.Purbasari, R., Muttaqin, Z., & Sari, D.S. (2021), Digital entrepreneurship in pandemic Covid-19 Era: The digital entrepreneurial ecosystem framework. Review of integrative business and economics research, 10, 114-135.
34.Raju, P. (2018), Case study on social entrepreneurship: A catalyst for rural empowerment, National Conference on Rural Empowerment and Entrepreneurship for Socio-Economic Change (NCREESEC-2018).
35.Razmjooi, M., & Fotovat Eskandari, A. (2021), the effect of social entrepreneurship on organizational performance considering the moderating role of marketing's distinctive ability, the 5th National Entrepreneurship Conference. [In Persian]
36.Ruano, A.L., Barry, M., Hossain, S., Lucien, F., Rusike, I., Hevia, M., Alwan, A., Cameron, E., Farmer, P., Flores, W., Hassim, A., & Periago, M.R. (2020), Global Health in the Age of COVID-19: Responsive Health Systems Through a Right to Health Fund, Health and Human Rights, 22(1), 199–207. https:// pubmed. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ 32669 801.
37.Scheidgen, K., Gümüsay, A.A., Günzel-Jensen, F., Krlev, G., & Wolf, M. (2021), Crises and entrepreneurial opportunities: Digital social innovation in response to physical distancing, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15, e00222, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00222.
38.Shepherd, D. (2015), Party On! A call for entrepreneurship research that is more interactive, activity based, cognitively hot, compassionate, and prosocial, Journal of Business Venturing, 30(4), 489-507. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.02.001.
39.Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
40.Tovazoeifar, A., Tash, M., & Keshavarz, S. (2022), Presenting a model of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized companies of South Khorasan province in the era of Covid-19, Innovation and Value Creation Quarterly, 11(21), 49-64. [In Persian]
