Comparison of the Fatty Acid Composition of the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Kids, Lambs and Calves Produced under Iranian Transhumant Production System

الموضوعات :

ع. کیانی ¹ , م.ه. قارونی ² , ر. شریعتی ³

1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
2 - Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
3 - Research and Development Section, Garrin Dam Simorg, Khorramabd, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 06 الجمعة , محرم, 1438 تاريخ التأكيد : 16 الأربعاء , جمادى الثانية, 1438 تاريخ الإصدار : 10 الجمعة , ذو الحجة, 1438

الکلمات المفتاحية: ruminants, omega-3, red meat, transhumant pastoralists,

ملخص المقالة :

Transhumant production system (TPS) is a type of extensive livestock production practiced by transhumant pastoralists in which indigenous livestock breeds are mainly fed a pasture-based diet. The hypothesis tested in this work was whether differences existed between fat samples from the different species in respect to ratios of n-6/n-3, and polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. To test our hypothesis, fatty acids (FAs) composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle of kids (n=10), fat-tailed lambs (n=10), and calves (n=10) produced in a pasture-based system were determined. All animals were indigenous intact male and randomly selected from nomads in the Zagros mountains (Noorabad, Lorestan province). The live body weight of kids, lambs and calves were 21 ± 6, 27 ± 4, and 158 ± 35 kg respectively. Meat samples were analyzed either without (lean meat) or mixed with 30% of sirloin subcutaneous fat (fat meat). Results showed that saturated FAs (as percentage) in kids meat was lower than those in lambs and calves (41.4 vs. 46.2 and 47.4% P=0.02). Kid meat had higher α-linolenic (C18:3 n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n-3), but lower undesirable FAs (C16:0+C14:0) and n-6/n-3 ratio in comparison with lambs and calves. In conclusion, goat meat produced under TPS conditions, compared with lambs and calves, showed more promising healthy source of FAs for human nutrition.

المصادر:

Astrup A., Dyerberg J., Elwood P., Hermansen K., Hu F.B. and Jakobsen M.U. (2011). The role of reducing intakes of saturated fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: where does the evidence stand in 2010? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 93, 684-688.

Badripour H. (2006). Country pasture/forage resources profile, range management expert, Technical Bureau of Rangeland, Forest, Range and Watershed Management Organization (FRWO), No. 131, Tehran, Iran. Available online at: http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/pasture/forage.htm (accessed January 2008).

Banskalieva V., Sahlu T. and Goetsch A.L. (2000). Fatty acid composition of goat muscles and fat depots: a review. Small Rumin. Res. 37, 255-268.

Bas P., Dahbi E., El A.A., Morand-Fehr P. and Araba A. (2005). Effect of feeding on fatty acid composition of muscles and adipose tissues in young goats raised in the Argan tree forest of Morocco. Meat Sci. 71, 317-326.

Binnie M.A., Barlow K., Johnson V. and Harrison C. (2014). Red meats: Time for a paradigm shift in dietary advice. Meat Sci. 98, 445-451.

Clapham W.M., Foster J.G., Neel J.P.S. and Fedders J.M. (2005). Fatty acid composition of traditional and novel forages. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 10068-10073.

Daley C.A., Abbott A., Doyle P.S., Nader G.A. and Larson S. (2010). A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef. Nutr. J. 9, 10-22.

Enser M., Hallett K., Hewitt B., Fursey G.A.J. and Wood J.D. (1996). Fatty acid content and composition of english beef, lamb and pork at retail. Meat Sci. 42, 443-456.

Fincham J.R., Fontenot J.P., Swecker W.S., Herbein J.H., Neel J.P.S. and Scaglia G. (2009). Fatty acid metabolism and deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture- and feedlot-finished cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 3259-3277.

French P., Stanton C., Lawless F., O'Riordan E.G., Monahan F.J. and Caffrey P.J. (2000). Fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid, of intramuscular fat from steers offered grazed grass, grass silage, or concentrate-based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 2849-2855.

Grundy S.M. and Denke M.A. (1990). Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins. J. Lipid. Res. 31, 1149-1172.

Howes N.L., Bekhit A.A., Burritt D.J. and Campbell A.W. (2015). Opportunities and implications of pasture-based lamb fattening to enhance the long-chain fatty acid composition in meat. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety. 14, 22-36.

Hunter J.E., Zhang J. and Kris-Etherton P.M. (2010). Cardiovascular disease risk of dietary stearic acid compared with trans, other saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids: a systematic review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 91, 46-63.

Jenkins T.C., Wallace R.J., Moate P.J. and Mosley E.E. (2008). Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 397-412.

Katan M.B., Zock P.L. and Mensink R.P. (1994). Effects of fats and fatty acids on blood lipids in humans: an overview. AM. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 1017-1022.

Kiani A. and Fallah R. (2016). Effects of live weight at slaughter on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles of indigenous Lori goat. Trop. Anim. Healt. Prod. 48, 67-73.

Lourenco M., Van Ranst G., De Smet S., Raes K. and Fievez V. (2007). Effect of grazing pastures with different botanical composition by lambs on rumen fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid pattern of longissimusmuscle and subcutaneous fat. Animal. 1, 537-545.

Nuernberg K., Dannenberger D., Nuernberg G., Ender K., Voigt J. and Scollan N.D. (2005). Effect of a grass-based and a concentrate feeding system on meat quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle in different cattle breeds. Livest. Prod. Sci. 94, 137-147.

Organization for Nomadic People of Iran. (2008). Census of Pastoralists, Organization for Nomadic People of Iran (ONPI), Sazmaan-e-Ashayar-e-Iran. Available at: http://ashayer.ir/index.aspx?siteid=1&pageid=237.

Ponnampalam E.N., Butler K.L., Jacob R.H., Pethick D.W., Ball A.J., Hocking Edwards J.E, Geesink G. and Hopkins D.L. (2014). Health beneficial long chain omega-3 fatty acid levels in Australian lamb managed under extensive finishing systems. Meat Sci. 96, 1104-1110.

SAS Institute. (2008). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9^th. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Scollan N., Hocquette J.F., Nuernberg K., Dannenberger D., Richardson I. and Moloney A. (2006). Innovations in beef production systems that enhance the nutritional and health value of beef lipids and their relationship with meat quality. Meat Sci. 74, 17-33.

Simopoulos A.P. (2006). Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases. Biomed. Pharm. 60, 502-507.

Sukhija P.S. and Palmquist D.L. (1988). Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. J. Agric. Food Chem. 36, 1202-1206.

Talpur F.N., Bhanger M.I. and Sherazi S.T.H. (2008). Intramuscular fatty acid profile of longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscle from Pateri goats fed under traditional feeding system of Sindh, Pakistan. Meat Sci. 80, 819-822.

Tora P.G., Bernard L., Belenguer A., Rouel J., Hervas G., Chillard Y. and Frutos P. (2016). Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 301-316.

Vasta V., Mele M., Serra A., Scerra M., Luciano G., Lanza M. and Priolo A. (2009). Metabolic fate of fatty acids involved in ruminal biohydrogenation in sheep fed concentrate or herbage with or without tannins. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 2674-2684.

Willems H., Kreuzer M. and Leiber F. (2014). Alpha-linolenic and linoleic acid in meat and adipose tissue of grazing lambs differ among alpine pasture types with contrasting plant species and phenolic compound composition. Small Rumin. Res. 116, 153-164.

Williams P. (2007). Nutritional composition of red meat. Nutr. Diet. 64, 111-119.

Wood J.D., Enser M., Fisher A.V., Nute G.R., Sheard P.R. and Richardson R.I. (2008). Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci. 78, 343-358.

Zervas G. and Tsiplakou E. (2011). The effects of feeding systems on the charachteristics of producs from small ruminants. Small Rumin. Res. 101, 140-149.