Effects of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and n-3 Fatty Acids on the Performance, Carcass Traits and Small Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens
الموضوعات :م. نصرتی 1 , ب. نویدشاد 2 , م. ملکی 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Performance, fish oil, broiler chickens, carcass traits, CLA, Intestine morphology,
ملخص المقالة :
An experiment was conducted on broiler chickens to study the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), fish oil, both at 7% of the diet, or their mixtures at 3.5% of the diet, on the performance, carcass traits and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. The chicks fed with 7% fish oil or 7% CLA diets, were found to have an inferior weight gain in grower and finisher phases, respectively. A significant reduction in feed intake was observed with the diets containing 7% fish oil. However, adding CLA to the diets, did not affect birds feed intake. The dietary fish oil and CLA supplementation adversely affected the feed conversion ratio as well as carcass yield. CLA at the 7% level increased liver weight. There were no differences in the carcass, thigh or abdominal fat pad percentages between the experimental treatments; however the birds fed the diet containing 7% fish oil had the lowest breast and the highest liver percentages. Histological examination of small intestine revealed that, the diet containing 3.5% fish oil + 3.5% CLA resulted in higher villus height than the diets with 7% fish oil or CLA. Such an increase was observed in the crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum, but no difference was detected in the crypt depth of the ileum. The small intestinal wall thickness and goblet cell numbers in the chickens fed the diet containing the mixture of fish oil and CLA were lower than those of the other treatments. The results of this study showed that a high dose of fish oil or CLA can reduce broiler chickens performance, but their combination can moderate this adverse effect.
Antheony C., Nguyen J. and Griffian A. (1991). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effects of sodium caprate on enteral peptide absorbtion and on mucosal morphology. Int. J. Pharm. 191, 15-24.
Aydin R., Pariza M.W. and Cook M.E. (2001). Olive oil prevents the adverse effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on chick hatchability and egg quality. J. Nutr. 131, 800-806.
Bedford M. (2000). Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets: implications and strategies to minimize subsequent problems. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 56, 347-365.
Chashnidel Y., Moravej H., Towhidi A., Asadi F. and Zeinodini S. (2010). Influence of different levels of n-3 supplemented (fish oil) diet on performance, carcass quality and fat status in broilers. African J. Biotechnol. 9, 687-691.
Du M. and Ahn D.U. (2002). Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the growth rate of live birds and on the abdominal fat content and quality of broiler meat. Poult. Sci. 81, 428-433.
Du M. and Ahn D.U. (2003). Dietary CLA affects lipid metabolism in broiler chicks. Lipids. 38, 505-511.
Du M. and Ahn D.U. (2004). Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Effects Lipid Metabolism in Broiler Chicks. R1934 Iowa state University. Animal Industry Report.
Farhomand P. and Checaniazar S. (2009). Effect of graded levels of dietary fish oil on the yield and fatty acid composition of breast meat in broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 18, 508-513.
Hardin J.O., Milligan J.L. and Sidwell V.D. (1964). The influence of solvent extracted fish meal and stabilized fish oil in broiler rations on performance and on the flavor of broiler meat. Poult. Sci. 43, 858-860.
Kinsella J.E., Lokesh B. and Stone R.A. (1990). Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and amelioration of cardiovascular disease: possible mechanisms. J. Food Sci. Technol. 52, 1-28.
Knapp H.R. (1991). Effects of dietary fatty acids on blood pressure: epidemiology and biochemistry. Pp. 94-106 in Health Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids. G.J. Nelson, Ed. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., Champaign, IL.
Kruger W.F., Bradley J.W. and Pitterson V. (1971). The interaction of gentian violet and lactobacillus organisms in the diet of leghorn hens. Poult. Sci. 56, 480-486.
Montagne L., Pluske J.R. and Hampson D.J. (2003). A review of interactions between dietary fiber and the intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 108, 95-117.
Nash D.M., Hamilton R.M.G. and Hulan H.W. (1995). The effect of dietary herring meal on the omega-3 fatty acid content of plasma and egg yolk lipids of laying hens. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 75, 247-253.
Park Y. and Pariza M.W. (2006). Mechanisms of body fat modulation by conjugated linoleic acid. Food Res. Int. 40, 311-323.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS STAT User’s Guide. Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Simon O., Manner K., Schafer K., Sagredos A. and Eder K. (2000). Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on protein to fat proportions, fatty acids and plasma lipids in broilers. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 102, 402-410.
Sirri F., Tallarico N., Meluzzi A. and Franchini A. (2003). Fatty acid composition and productive traits of broiler fed diets containing conjugated linoleic acid. Poult. Sci. 82, 1356-1361.
Suksombat W., Boonmee T. and Lounglawan P. (2007). Effects of various levels of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on fatty acid content and carcass composition of broilers. Poult. Sci. 86, 318-324.
Szymczyk B., Pisulewski P.M., Szczurek W. and Hancazakowski P. (2001). Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and subsequent carcass quality in broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr. 85, 465-473.
Takahashi K., Kawamata K., Akiba Y., Iwata T. and Kasai M. (2002). Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers on early inflammatory responses in male broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 43, 47-53.
Visek W.J. (1978). The mode of growth promotion by antibiotics. J. Anim. Sci. 46, 1447-1469.
Yason C.V., Summers B.A. and Schat K.A. (1987). Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: pathology. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48, 927-938.
Zanini S.F., Colnago G.L., Pessotti B.M.S., Bastos M.R., Casagrande F.P. and Lima V.R. (2006). Body fat of broiler chickens fed diets with two fat sources and conjugated linoleic acid. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 241-246.
