Early Feeding Enriched by Vitamin C and Date Syrup Modifies the Productive and Physiological Traits and Duodenal Histology of Japanese Quails
الموضوعات :
1 - Department of Animal Production Techniques, Technical College of Al-Musaib, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon 54003, Iraq
الکلمات المفتاحية: Japanese quail, vitamin C, Date Syrup, early feeding,
ملخص المقالة :
The study aimed to evaluate the influence of early feeding in post-hatch with dietary vitamin C (VC) and date syrup (DS) on productive, physiological, and histological attributes of Japanese quails. A total of 800 one-day-old quails were reared for 6 weeks and assigned into 8 groups including late feeding groups which fed on the farm 24 hours post-hatch with no feed additive (NO) or with 5 g VC or 1 mL DS/kg of diet or with a mixture of 2.5 g VC + 0.5 mL DS (MI)/kg of diet. Besides, groups of early feeding which fed post hatch immediately with NO or with 5 g VC or 1 mL DS/kg of diet or with MI/kg of diet. Each group had 100 chicks with 5 replications each. A completely randomized design was adopted and the main effects of the feeding method × feed additive were arranged in 2 × 4 factorial approach. As compared with the main effect of late feeding, the results showed that early feeding increased (P≤0.01) final body weight, carcass yields, production efficiency factor, and protein and energy efficiency ratios with a reduction (P≤0.01) in feed efficiency and mortality. Also, early feeding augmented (P≤0.01) serum protein, glucose, vitamin C, and ferric-reducing ability of plasma with lowering (P≤0.01) of serum cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde, hydroperoxide, and corticosterone and heterophils to lymphocytes ratio. Moreover, early feeding increased (P≤0.01) villus height/crypt depth and increased (P≤0.05) villus surface area and muscular layer thickness in the duodenum. The main effect of DS in diet or its mixture with VC seemed to have a significant influence on the aforementioned traits compared with individual using of VC. It was concluded that interactions between early feeding and DS alone or with VC added to the diet could change positively productive and physiological aspects and duodenal morphology of quails.
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