The Effects of Turmeric, Cinnamon, Ginger and Garlic Powder Nutrition on Antioxidant Enzymes’ Status and Hormones Involved in Energy Metabolism of Broilers during Heat Stress
الموضوعات :
1 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Health, immune system, Oxidative stress, Medical plant, ambient temperature,
ملخص المقالة :
This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of turmeric, cinnamon, ginger and garlic powder on mixed sex Cobb-500 broilers performance, serum antioxidant status, and serum thyroid hormones. Heat stresses were created by increasing ambient temperature to 32-34 ˚C from 12: a.m. to 16: p.m. during days 31-42 of the experiment. Blood serum samples were obtained from 6 broilers of each treatment at the end of experiment (day 42) to assess antioxidative activities of liver enzymes and thyroid hormones. Chicks fed diets supplemented with medical plants tended to have higher average daily gain and had greater spleen weight compared to the control. Supplementation of medical plants increased activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cinnamon, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in ginger, catalase (CAT) in cinnamon and garlic powder, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in cinnamon, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in garlic powder and corticosteroid (CE) in cinnamon groups. But, the supplementation reduced concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cinnamon group (P<0.05). Concentration of thyroid hormones (THs) in medical plant-supplemented broiler chicks tended to be higher at 42 d of age compared to the control (P<0.05). Supplementation of turmeric and ginger caused significant reduction in feed conversion ratio (FCR), improvement in performance, and enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activity with the increase in cinnamon consumption. Also, turmeric and ginger increased THs of broilers.
Aebi H. (1973). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 105, 121-126.
Campbell T.W. and Coles E.H. (1986). Avian clinical pathology. Pp. 279-301 in Veterinary Clinical Pathology. E.H. Coles, Ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Clark J.D., Gebhart G.F., Gonder J.C., Keeling M.E. and Kohn D.F. (1997). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Inst. Lab. Anim. Res. 38, 41-48.
Decuypere E., Vega C., Bartha T., Buyse J., Zoons J. and Albers G. (1994). Increased sensitivity to triiodothyronine (T3) of broiler lines with a high susceptibility for ascites. Br. Poult. Sci. 35(2), 287-297.
Flohé L. and andOtting F. (1984). Superoxide dismutase assays. Methods Enzymol. 105, 93-104.
Hassanzadeh M., Fard M.B., Buyse J., Bruggeman V. andDecuypere E. (2004). Effect of chronic hypoxia during embryonic development on physiological functioning and on hatching and post-hatching parameters related to ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 33(6), 558-564.
Hengge U.R., Ruzicka T., Schwartz R.A. and Cork M.J. (2006). Adverse effects of topical glucocorticosteroids. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 54(1), 1-15.
Hopkins J. and Tudhope G. (1973). Glutathione peroxidase in human red cells in health and disease. Br. J. Haematol. 25(5), 563-575.
Hughes J. and Rustin M. (1997). Corticosteroids. Clin. Dermatol. 15(5), 715-721.
Katzung B.G., Masters S.B. and Trevor A.J. (2011). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. McGraw-Hill, New York City, New York.
Kota N., Krishna P. and Polasa K. (2008). Alterations in antioxidant status of rats following intake of ginger through diet. Food Chem. 106(3), 991-996.
Mujahid A., Yoshiki Y., Akiba Y. and Toyomizu M. (2005). Superoxide radical production in chicken skeletal muscle induced by acute heat stress. Poult. Sci. 84, 307-314.
Nan J.X., Park E.J., Kang H.C., Park P.H., Kim J.Y. and Sohn D.H. (2001). Anti fibrotic effects of a hot water extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza roots on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 53(2), 197-204.
Pirmohammadi A., Daneshyar M. and Farhoomand P. (2016). Effect of Thymus vulgaris and Menthapulegium powders on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broilers under heat stress condition. Iranian Vet J. 11(4), 12-25.
Rudas P. and Pethes G. (1984). The importance of the peripheral thyroid hormone deiodination in adaptation to ambient temperature in the chicken (Gallus domesticus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 77(3), 567-571.
SAS Institute. (2001). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sinurat A., Balnave D. and McDowell G. (1987). Growth performance and concentrations of thyroid hormones and growth hormone in plasma of broilers at high temperatures. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 40(4), 443-450.
Sumida S., Tanaka K., Kitao H. and Nakadomo F. (1989). Exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and leakage of enzymes before and after vitamin E supplementation. Int. J. Biochem. 21(8), 835-838.
Tan G.Y., Yang L., Fu Y.Q., Feng J.H. and Zhang M.H. (2010). Effects of different acute high ambient temperatures on function of hepatic mitochondrial respiration, antioxidative enzymes, and oxidative injury in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 89(1), 115-122.
Tao X., Zhang Z., Dong H., Zhang H. and Xin H. (2006). Responses of thyroid hormones of market-size broilers to thermoneutral constant and warm cyclic temperatures. Poult. Sci. 85(9), 1520-1528.
Thomas M.J. (2000). The role of free radicals and antioxidants. Nutrition. 16(7), 716-718.
Tietz N.W. (1986). Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Viveros A., Brenes A., Arija I. and Centeno C. (2002). Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus. Poult. Sci. 81(8), 1172-1183.
Wang L., Piao X., Kim S., Piao X., Shen Y. and Lee H. (2008). Effects of Forsythia suspensa extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant activities in broiler chickens under high ambient temperature. Poult Sci. 87(7), 1287-1294.
Wayner D., Burton G., Ingold K. and Locke S. (1985). Quantitative measurement of the total, peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant capability of human blood plasma by controlled peroxidation. The important contribution made by plasma proteins. FEBS Lett. 187(1), 33-37.
Windisch W., Schedle K., Plitzner C. and Kroismayr A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J. Anim. Sci. 86(14), 140-148.
Zhang G., Yang Z., Wang Y., Yang W., Jiang S. and and Gai G. (2009). Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 88(10), 2159-2166.
