Comparison effect of ethanolic seed extract of Melia Azedarach L. (Meliaceae) against two Aphid species
الموضوعات : مجله گیاهان داروییالهام سالاری 1 , کمال احمدی 2 , رضا زمانی ده یعقوبی 3
1 - گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، عضو انجمن پژوهشگران جوان، کرمان، ایران؛
2 - گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
3 - گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، عضو انجمن پژوهشگران جوان، کرمان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: Melia azedarach, topical test, LC50,
ملخص المقالة :
Background & Aim: Aphids are of serious pests and vectors of multitude of viral diseases of field crops, vegetables, and greenhouse crops. They have displayed a remarkable ability to establish resistance to almost every insecticide with which it has been treated. To reduce the damage of these pests and dependence on the sometimes unwise use of synthetic pesticides in crop and vegetable plantations, the toxicity of ethanolic seed extract of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) was assayed against 3-4 days-old individuals of Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).Experimental: In this study, M. azedarach L. seeds were collected from Kerman, Iran. They were milled and powdered and extracted with ethanol (95%) solvent. All experiments with different concentrations were conducted by topical test bioassay in laboratory. The treated aphids were reared at 25±1 °C temperature, relative humidity of 60±10 % and 16 hours of artificial light at an intensity of about 4000 lux. Ethanol (95%) was used as control treatments. Results & Discussion: The results indicated that in the concentration 60 µl/ml, the mortality of A. gossypii treatment after 24 h was 95% and it was significantly higher than M. persicae treatment (p<0.005). Also the LC50 of ethanol seed extracts of M. azedarach for A. gossypii and M. persicae after 24 hr was 13.7 and 15.0 µl/ml, respectively. It is concluded that the ethanolic seed extract of M. azedarach may be applicable as a safe insecticide to aphid's control in IPM programs . Industrial and Practical Recommendations: According to this research, ethanolic seed extract of Melia azedarach L has good pesticide effects and can be used as a low-risk pesticide for controlling aphids in IPM. Due to the less destructive effects of herbal pesticides on humans and environment than chemical ones, these compositions can be recommended as a low-risk pesticide or as a model for making new pesticides for eradicating the pests.
Abbott, W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
Carvalho, S.M. and Ferreira, D.T. 1990. Santa-Bárbara contra vaquinha. Ciência Hoje, 11: 65-67.
Chung Huang, R. Tadera, K. Yagi, F. Minami, Y. Okumara, H. Iwagawa, T. and Nakatani, M. 1996. Limonoides from Melia azedarach. Phytochemistry, 43 (3): 581-583.
Clements, K.M. Sorenson, C.E. Wiegman, B.M. and Roe, M.R. 2000. Insecticide resistance in the Myzus persicae complex (Homoptera: Aphididae) with emphasis on tobacco pest management. Reviews in Toxicology, 3: 1-23.
Daoubi, M. Deligeorgopoulou, A. Macias-Sanchez, A.J. Hermamdez-Galan, R. Hitchcock, P.B. Hanson, J.R. and Collado, I.G. 2005. Antifungal activity and biotransformation of diisophorone by Botrytiscinerea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 6035-6039.
Foster, S.P. Denholm, I. and Devonshire, A.L. 2000. The ups and downs of insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae) in the UK. Crop Protection, 19: 873-879.
Georges, K. Jayaprakasam, B. Dalavoy, S.S. and Nair, M.G. 2007. Pest-managing activities of plant extracts and anthraquinones from Cassia nigricans from Burkina Faso. Biosource Technology, 99(6): 2037-2045.
Kim, H.G. Jeon, J.H. Kim, M.K. and Lee, H.S. 2005. Pharmacological ectsofasaron aldehyde isolated from Acorusgram in eusrhizome. Food Science and Biotechnology, 14(5): 685-688.
Levinson, H. and Levinson, A. 1998. Control of stored food pests in the ancient orient and classical antiquity. Journal of Applied Entomology, 22: 127-144.
Liu, C.H. Mishra, A.K. Tan, R.X. Tang, C. Yang, H. and Shen, Y.F. 2005. Repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils from Artemisia princeps and Cinnamomum camphora and their effect on seed germination of wheat and broad bean. Biosource Technology, 97(15): 1969-1973.
Panji, H.R. 1946. Some observations on the insecticidal activities of the fruit of dark Melia azedarach L. Research Bulletin of the Punjab University Science, 15, 4345-46.
Raja, N. Albert, S. Ignacimuthu, S. and Dorn, S. 2001. Effect of plant volatile oils in protecting stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infestation. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37: 127-132.
Reed, D.K. Warthen, J.R. Uebel, E.C. and Reed, G.L. 1982. Effects of two triperpenoids from neem on feeding by cucumber beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 75: 1109-1113.
Saljoqi, A.U.R. Khan, M. Khan, S.A. and Rehman, S. 2006. Effects of six plant extracts on Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. in the stored wheat grains. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1 (4): 1-5.
Valladares, G.R. Ferreyra, D. Defacoll, T. Carpinella, M. and Palacios, S. 1997. Laboratory evaluation of Melia azedarach extracts against the elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90 (3): 747-750.
Ventura, M.U. and Ito, M. 2000. Antifeedant activity of Melia azedarach (L.) extracts to Diabrotica speciosa (Genn.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) beetles. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 43: 215-219.
