بررسی جذب و تجمع کادمیوم در نهال‌های سه‌ماهه آکاسیا ویکتوریا (Acacia victoriae)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری
خدیجه خرمن دار
1
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علی مهدوی
2
1 - کارشناس ارشد بیابان زدایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 - دانشیارگروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
کلید واژه: زی‌توده, شاخص جذب, کادمیوم, تثبیت گیاهی, آلودگی خاک,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه آلودگی محیط به فلزات سنگین در نتیجه فعالیت‌های بشر به‌عنوان یکی از چالش‌های مهم در ارتباط با حفاظت منابع آب و خاک است. گیاه پالایی روشی است که در آن از گیاهان برای جذب آلایندهها استفاده شده و می‌تواند به‌طور بالقوه برای احیای آب‌ها و خاک‌های آلوده به‌فلزات سنگین به‌کار رود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی توانایی نهال‌های سه‌ماهه آکاسیا ویکتوریا ((Acacia victoriae در تجمع کادمیوم در اندام‌های خود (شاخساره و ریشه)، انتقال آن از بخش ریشه به‌شاخساره و درک اثر تجمع کادمیوم در برخی از صفت‌های مورفولوژی این‌گونه اجرا گردید. برای این منظور 12 نهال سه‌ماهه آکاسیا ویکتوریا((Acacia victoriae در چهار غلظت (0، 10، 50، 100 میلی‌گرم برلیتر) کادمیومبرای یک‌‌دوره 45 روزه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار در نظرگرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش جذب کادمیوم ارتفاع، زی‌توده و مقاومت گیاه در مقایسه بانمونه‌های شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند و علائم سمیت کادمیوم درغلظت بالا به‌صورت کلروز، نکروز و کاهش تعداد برگ‌ها، کاهش انشعابات و تغییر رنگ ریشهها قابل‌‌‌ملاحظه بود. همچنین تجمع کادمیوم در ریشه و اندام‌های هوایی گیاه با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم افزایش یافتندو میزان تجمع کادمیوم در بافت ریشه نسبت به‌اندام‌های‌‌هوایی درهمه تیمارها بیشتر بود. به‌‌طوری که در ریشه، ساقه و برگ‌های این‌گونه به‌ترتیب، بیش‌‌‌‌‌از 72 درصد (33/19433 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم)، کمتر از 17 درصد (4630 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم) و کمتر از 11 درصد (33/2853 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم) کادمیوم، درغلظت 100میلی‌گرم بر لیترتجمع یافتند. ضریب تجمع زیستی ریشه و ساقه،فاکتور انتقال، ضریب غنی‌‌‌‌‌سازی و شاخص جذب نیز به‌ترتیب9/184، 20/71، 39/0، 014/0، 73/7697 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم در بالاترین غلظت تخمین زده شد. در واقع Acacia victoriaeبا تجمع کادمیوم در ریشهها این توانایی را دارد که از انتقال این فلز به‌بخش‌های هوایی و بروز سمیت درگیاه جلوگیری کند. بنابراین می‌توان از این‌گونه بیابانی به‌منظور پالایش خاک‌های آلوده به‌کادمیوم، به‌روش تثبیت گیاهی بهره برد.
As a result of human activities, metal pollution has become one of the most important challenges in soil and water conservation area today. Phytoremediation utilizes plants to uptake contaminants and can potentially be used to remediate metal contaminated soils and waters. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the ability of Acacia victoriae three months old seedlings in the accumulation of cadmium in their parts (stem and root), transfer it from the roots to the stems and to understand the effect of Cd accumulation on some morphology attributes of the plant. For this purpose, 12 seedlings of A.victoriae three months old seedlings were exposed to Cd in 4 different concentrations: 0, 10, 50 and 100 (mg/l) for period 45 days in completely randomized design with 3 replicates per treatment were considered. The results showed significantly reduction of height, biomass and resistance were observed, compared to the control plants and also symptoms of toxicity in the leafs which become thin, yellow and with brwon spots in high concentrations of Cd were notably. Also Cd accumulation in roots and aerial parts increasing trend with increasing Cd supply up to 100 (mg/l) and root tissue concentration regards to Cd concentration was higher than stem tissues concentration at all treatments. Cdwere accumulated in the roots, stems and leafs of seedlings, more than 72% (19433.33 mg/kg), under 17% (4630 mg/kg) and under 11% (2853.33 mg/kg) exposed to 100 (mg/l), respectively. Bioconcentration Coefficient root and stem, Translocation Factors, Enrich Coefficient and Uptake Index were determined 184.9, 71.20, 0.39, 0.014, 7697.73 mg/kg in high concentrations of Cd, respectively. Indeed, the results confirmed that A.victoriae had the ability to accumulate Cd in the roots so that prevented Cd toxicity symptom. Generally, this desert plant can be used in the process of remediation of Cd soil polluted by way of phytostabilization.
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