مدلسازی کیفی برای مدیریت بهره‌برداری از جریان آب در رودخانه‌ها
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری
سپیده سهامی
1
,
علیرضا شکوهی
2
,
بهناز ختار
3
,
فربد چهرزاد
4
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.
2 - استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دوره دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.
4 - کارشناس اکولوژی کارشناس اکولوژی آب- شرکت مهندسین مشاور آساراب، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: مدل QUAL2KW, مدیریت کمی و کیفی, سلامت اکولوژیکی رودخانه, سناریوهای زیست‌محیطی جریان,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: ارزیابی واکنش رودخانه‌ها به تغییرات طبیعی و دست‌کاری‌های ایجاد شده توسط بشر در طبیعت، از اهمیت بالایی در مدیریت کیفیت آب رودخانه برخوردار است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش ارزیابی اثرات منفی مدیریت کمی بدون مدیریت کیفی جریان است. در این راستا با شبیه‌سازی کیفیت آب در سناریوهای بهره‌برداری از رودخانه مبتنی بر سیاست‌های محیط زیستی، منجمله تخصیص حداقل جریان، کاهش کیفیت و فاصله گرفتن شرایط کیفی جریان از استانداردهای پرورش آبزیان با در نظر گرفتن عوامل کیفی و آلودگی‌های ناشی از توسعه جوامع شهری حاشیه رودخانه‌ها پرداخته می‌شود.روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر روی رودخانه آزاد رود در منطقه سروآباد استان کردستان انجام شد. در این راستا با اندازه‌گیری پارامترهای کمی و کیفی در دو دوره ماهانه، مدل کیفی QUAL2KW واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی شد. در بخش اول مطالعه با تغییر دبی جریان بر اساس سناریوهای تخصیص جریان در روش تنانت، وضعیت کیفی رودخانه در طول 22 کیلومتر شبیه‌سازی شد و در بخش دوم مقادیر پارامترهای کیفی در سناریوهای مختلف مدیریت جریان با مقادیر استاندارد مورد قبول برای پرورش آبزیان (ماهی) مقایسه شد.یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، در حالی که دبی حداقل زیست‌محیطی بر اساس روش تنانت برای رودخانه مورد مطالعه m3/sec 1/1 می‌باشد، دبی کیفی بحرانی یعنی حداقل دبی قابل‌قبول از نظر کیفی برای ماه اسفند و فروردین به ترتیب 7/7 و 10 مترمکعب بر ثانیه برآورد شد. بررسی‌ها نشان داد که سناریوی ضعیف تنانت برای تخصیص حداقل جریان زیست‌محیطی برای تأمین الزامات کیفی رودخانه به‌هیچ‌وجه مناسب نمی‌باشد.نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که تخصیص جریان به روش مرسوم و بدون در نظر گرفتن شرایط کیفی رودخانه امکان‌پذیر نمی‌باشد و می‌تواند به شرایط زیست‌محیطی رودخانه آسیبی جدی وارد نماید. این مطالعه نشان داد که عدم احتساب شرایط کیفی در زمان تخصیص جریان، سبب می‌شود که سلامت اکولوژیکی جریان از دست رفته و رودخانه از استاندارد لازم برای آبزی‌پروری برخوردار نباشد.
Background and Aim: Evaluating the response of rivers to natural changes and man-made manipulations are of great importance in managing river water quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the negative effects of quantitative management without qualitative management of river flow. In this regard, by simulating water quality in river exploitation scenarios based on environmental policies, including minimum flow allocation, reduction of flow quality from aquaculture standards, taking into account the quality factors and pollution caused by the development of marginal urban communities, will be discussed.Method: The present study, which should be omitted was conducted on the Azadrud River in the Sarvabad region of Kurdistan Province. In this regard, by measuring quantitative and qualitative parameters in two monthly periods, the QUAL2KW quality model was calibrated and validated. In the first part of the study, the quality of the river along 22 km was simulated by changing the flow rate based on flow allocation scenarios in the Tenant method, and in the second part, the values of qualitative parameters in different flow management scenarios were compared with the accepted standard values for aquaculture (fish).Results: Based on the results, while the minimum environmental discharge according to the Tenant method for the studied river is 1.1 m3/sec, the critical quality discharge for March and April were estimated at 7.7 and 10 m3/sec, respectively. The study showed that the poor tenant scenario is not suitable for allocating the minimum environmental flow to meet the quality requirements of the river at all. Conclusion: The results showed that the conventional flow allocation method, i.e., without considering the quality conditions of the river, is not suitable and can cause serious damage to the environmental conditions of the river. This study showed that ignoring the quality conditions at the time of flow allocation causes the ecological health of the stream to be lost and the river to not meet the required standard for aquaculture.
Allam, A., Tawfik, A., Yoshimura, C., & Fleifle, A. (2016). Simulation- based optimization framework for reuse of agricultural drainage water in irrigation. Journal of Environmental Management, 172, 82-96.
Angello, Z.A., Behailu, B.M., & Tranckner, J. (2021). Selection of Optimum Pollution Load Reduction and Water Quality Improvement Approaches Using Scenario Based Water Quality Modeling in Little Akaki River, Ethiopia. Water, 13, 584.
Biglari, M.R. (2017). Simulation of river water quality in the conditions of providing environmental flow. [Thiess for the Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.), Tarbiat Modares University]. [In Persian]
Biglari, M.R., Sima, S., and Saadatpour, M. (2018). Modeling and Management of the River Water Quality for Aquatic Habitat Health Using a Source Control Approach (Case Study: Zarrineh- rud River). Iran- Water Resources Research, 14(5), 54-70. [In Persian]
Cao, B., Li, C., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Sha, J., & Wang, Y. (2015). Estimation of contribution ratios of pollutant sources to a specific section based on an enhanced water quality model. Environmental Science and pollution Research, 22 (10), 7569-7581.
Fan, Ch., Chen, K., & Huang, Y. (2020). Model- based carrying capacity investigation and its application to total maximum daily load (TMDL) establishment for river Water quality management: Acase study in Taiwan. Journal of Cleaner Production.
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). (2004). IWMI Annual report 2003-2004. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 49p.
Kannel, P.R., Lee, S., Lee, Y.S., Kanel, S., & Pelletier, G. (2007). Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal. ecological modeling, 202(3), 503-517.
Karakoyun, Y., Yumurtaci, Z., & Dönme, A. (2016). Environmental flow assessment for energy generation.sustainability employing different hydraulic evaluation methods: Çambaşi hydropower plant case study in Turkey. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 18(2), 583–591.
Khatar, B., and Shokoohi, A. (2020). Evaluating and modifying the Texas Method as a Hydrologic Method for prescribing Ecological Regime in perennial Rivers. Journal of Protection of Water and Soil Resources, 9 (3), 31- 46. [In Persian]
Khodam Mohammadi, M.M., Boustani, F. (2016). Evaluation of self- Purification Potency and the role of dissolved oxygen in the Kor River Water Quality (Case study: Downstream of Doroodzan Dam to Tashk-Bakhtegan Lake). Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 9(30), 87-96. [In Persian]
Naderi, M.H., Arab, N., Jahandideh, O., Salarijazi, M., & Arab, A. (2021). Estimation of Optimal Release Flow Range from Jamishan Dam Considering the Optimal Instream Ecological Water Demand for Conservation the Habitat Potential of the Dinavar River. Journal of Water and Soil, 35(2), 203- 225. (In Persian)
Nazari, H. (2005). Analysis of contaminant Source Effects on Shafarood River in Gilan [AThesis for the Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.), Tarbiat Modares University]. [In Persian]
Pelletier, G., & Chapra, S. (2006). QUAL2KW theory and documentation (version 5.1). A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality. retrieved 10 May 2005 from: htto://www.ecy.wa.gov/orograms/eap/models.
Shokri, S., Hooshmand, A., & Moazed, H. (2015). Qualitative Simulation of Ammonium and Nitrate in the Gregor River using the QUAL2KW Model. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 6(23), 57-68. [In Persian]
Shokoohi, A., & Hong, Y. (2011). Using hydrologic and hydraulically derived geometric parameters of perennial rivers to determine minimum water requirements of ecological habitats (case study: Mazandaran Sea Basin- Iran). Hydrological Processes, 25(22), 3490- 3498.
Smakhtin, V., Revenga, C., & Döll, P. (2004). A pilot global assessment of environmental water requirements and scarcity. Water International, 29(3), 307–317.
Rafiee, M., Ali, A., Mohammad, A., Moazed, H., Lyon, S.W., Jaafarzadeh, N. , & Zahraie, B. (2014). A Case Study of Water Quality Modeling of the Gargar River, Iran. Journal of Hydraulic Structures, 1(2), 10-22.
Tennant, D. (1976). Instream flow regimes for fish, wildlife, recreation, and environmental resources. American Fisheries Society.Bethesda MD, 2, 359–373.
Tharme, RE. (2003). A global perspective on environmental flow assessment: Emerging trends in the development and application of environmental flow methodologies for rivers. River Research and Applications, 19(5–6), 397- 441
Torabi Meybodi, A. (2012). Mathematical Simulation Model Of Quality Process Change In Karkhe River And Sensitivity Analysis [AThesis for the Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.), K.N.Toosi University of Technology]. [In Persian]
Wang, X., Zhang, Y., & Liu, C. (2007). Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers’ water requirements of the Instream environment in dualistic water cycle: A case study of Liaohe River Basin. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 17(3), 304–316.
Yang, T., Iu, J., Chen, Q., Zhang, J., & Yang, Y. (2014). environmental flow assessment for improvement of ecological integrity in the Haihe River Basin, China. Ecotoxicology, 23(4), 506–517.
_||_Allam, A., Tawfik, A., Yoshimura, C., & Fleifle, A. (2016). Simulation- based optimization framework for reuse of agricultural drainage water in irrigation. Journal of Environmental Management, 172, 82-96.
Angello, Z.A., Behailu, B.M., & Tranckner, J. (2021). Selection of Optimum Pollution Load Reduction and Water Quality Improvement Approaches Using Scenario Based Water Quality Modeling in Little Akaki River, Ethiopia. Water, 13, 584.
Biglari, M.R. (2017). Simulation of river water quality in the conditions of providing environmental flow. [Thiess for the Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.), Tarbiat Modares University]. [In Persian]
Biglari, M.R., Sima, S., and Saadatpour, M. (2018). Modeling and Management of the River Water Quality for Aquatic Habitat Health Using a Source Control Approach (Case Study: Zarrineh- rud River). Iran- Water Resources Research, 14(5), 54-70. [In Persian]
Cao, B., Li, C., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Sha, J., & Wang, Y. (2015). Estimation of contribution ratios of pollutant sources to a specific section based on an enhanced water quality model. Environmental Science and pollution Research, 22 (10), 7569-7581.
Fan, Ch., Chen, K., & Huang, Y. (2020). Model- based carrying capacity investigation and its application to total maximum daily load (TMDL) establishment for river Water quality management: Acase study in Taiwan. Journal of Cleaner Production.
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). (2004). IWMI Annual report 2003-2004. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 49p.
Kannel, P.R., Lee, S., Lee, Y.S., Kanel, S., & Pelletier, G. (2007). Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal. ecological modeling, 202(3), 503-517.
Karakoyun, Y., Yumurtaci, Z., & Dönme, A. (2016). Environmental flow assessment for energy generation.sustainability employing different hydraulic evaluation methods: Çambaşi hydropower plant case study in Turkey. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 18(2), 583–591.
Khatar, B., and Shokoohi, A. (2020). Evaluating and modifying the Texas Method as a Hydrologic Method for prescribing Ecological Regime in perennial Rivers. Journal of Protection of Water and Soil Resources, 9 (3), 31- 46. [In Persian]
Khodam Mohammadi, M.M., Boustani, F. (2016). Evaluation of self- Purification Potency and the role of dissolved oxygen in the Kor River Water Quality (Case study: Downstream of Doroodzan Dam to Tashk-Bakhtegan Lake). Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 9(30), 87-96. [In Persian]
Naderi, M.H., Arab, N., Jahandideh, O., Salarijazi, M., & Arab, A. (2021). Estimation of Optimal Release Flow Range from Jamishan Dam Considering the Optimal Instream Ecological Water Demand for Conservation the Habitat Potential of the Dinavar River. Journal of Water and Soil, 35(2), 203- 225. (In Persian)
Nazari, H. (2005). Analysis of contaminant Source Effects on Shafarood River in Gilan [AThesis for the Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.), Tarbiat Modares University]. [In Persian]
Pelletier, G., & Chapra, S. (2006). QUAL2KW theory and documentation (version 5.1). A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality. retrieved 10 May 2005 from: htto://www.ecy.wa.gov/orograms/eap/models.
Shokri, S., Hooshmand, A., & Moazed, H. (2015). Qualitative Simulation of Ammonium and Nitrate in the Gregor River using the QUAL2KW Model. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 6(23), 57-68. [In Persian]
Shokoohi, A., & Hong, Y. (2011). Using hydrologic and hydraulically derived geometric parameters of perennial rivers to determine minimum water requirements of ecological habitats (case study: Mazandaran Sea Basin- Iran). Hydrological Processes, 25(22), 3490- 3498.
Smakhtin, V., Revenga, C., & Döll, P. (2004). A pilot global assessment of environmental water requirements and scarcity. Water International, 29(3), 307–317.
Rafiee, M., Ali, A., Mohammad, A., Moazed, H., Lyon, S.W., Jaafarzadeh, N. , & Zahraie, B. (2014). A Case Study of Water Quality Modeling of the Gargar River, Iran. Journal of Hydraulic Structures, 1(2), 10-22.
Tennant, D. (1976). Instream flow regimes for fish, wildlife, recreation, and environmental resources. American Fisheries Society.Bethesda MD, 2, 359–373.
Tharme, RE. (2003). A global perspective on environmental flow assessment: Emerging trends in the development and application of environmental flow methodologies for rivers. River Research and Applications, 19(5–6), 397- 441
Torabi Meybodi, A. (2012). Mathematical Simulation Model Of Quality Process Change In Karkhe River And Sensitivity Analysis [AThesis for the Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.), K.N.Toosi University of Technology]. [In Persian]
Wang, X., Zhang, Y., & Liu, C. (2007). Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers’ water requirements of the Instream environment in dualistic water cycle: A case study of Liaohe River Basin. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 17(3), 304–316.
Yang, T., Iu, J., Chen, Q., Zhang, J., & Yang, Y. (2014). environmental flow assessment for improvement of ecological integrity in the Haihe River Basin, China. Ecotoxicology, 23(4), 506–517.