Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles via Rhizoclonum riparium (Roth) Harvey: A promising nanotherapy against the promastigote forms of Leishmania donovani parasites

Subject Areas : Phytomedicine

Sagardeep Dey ¹ , Anwesha Mondal ² , Ishita Bhattacharya ³ , Nibedita Pyne ⁴ , Santanu Paul ^{5 *}

1 - Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
2 - Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
3 - Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
4 - Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
5 - Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India

Received: 2025-04-14 Accepted : 2025-06-22 Published : 2025-06-23

Keywords: Green nanosynthesis, Iron nanoparticles (INPs), Leishmania donovani, MTT assay, Nanobiotechnology, Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey, Visceral leishmaniasis,

Abstract :

Visceral leishmaniasis, a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by Leishmania donovani (Roth) Harvey and transmitted by Phlebotomus sandflies, continues to pose a significant global health concern. Conventional therapies like amphotericin B and miltefosine are often limited by severe side effects and the emergence of resistance, necessitating the development of safer and more effective alternatives. In this study, iron-nanoparticles (INPs) were biosynthesized using green macroalga Rhizoclonium riparium using FeCl₃ (0.005 M) at pH 6, and the synthesized INPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS), confirming their spindle-shaped morphology with average particle size of 82 nm. In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of the INPs was assessed against L. donovani using MTT assay, demonstrating significant efficacy with an IC₅₀ value of 43.36 µg/mL. These results suggest that algal-mediated INPs represent a promising eco-friendly nanotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.

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