شناسایی مؤلفه‌های آموزش شایستگی‌محور در هنرستان‌های فنی‌حرفه‌ای و کاردانش: مطالعه ترکیبی
محورهای موضوعی : آموزش و پرورش
اقدس نیکوروش
1
,
نادر سلیمانی
2
,
حمید شفیع زاده
3
,
امیر حسین محمد داوودی
4
1 - مدیریت آموزشی ، دانشکده علوم انسانی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرمسار ، گرمسار، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.
4 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.
کلید واژه: "کاردانش", "هنرستان های فنی و حرفه ای", "آموزش مبتنی برشایستگی", "نظام اموزش و پرورش",
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف کشف مؤلفه‌های آموزش شایستگی‌محور در هنرستان‌های فنی‌حرفه‌ای و کار دانش انجام گرفت. این پژوهش از هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش آمیخته بود. مشارکت‌کنندگان در بخش کیفی شامل 15 صاحب‌نظر در حوزه تعلیم‌‌وتربیت بودند که به‌طور هدفمند انتخاب شدند که با آن‌ها مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته صورت گرفت. سپس داده‌ها از طریق کدگذاری و تحلیل‌مضمون، تحلیل شدند. برای اعتبار داده‌ها از بازبینی مجدد توسط محققین، مشارکت‌کنندگان داخل و استادان بیرون از پژوهش و برای پایایی از ضریب‌توافق بین کدگذاران و پایایی بازآزمون (78% و 82%) استفاده شد. جامعه آماری در بخش کمّی شامل 1373 نفر از دبیران و مدیران هنرستان‌های فنی حرفه‌ای و کاردانش استان قم بودند که با استفاده از نرم‌افزارsample power 273 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بر اساس یافته‌های کیفی فاز اول بود که روایی صوری و محتوایی با دو شاخص CVI و CVR و پایایی آن از طریق آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آمارهای توصیفی و استنباطی (تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل عاملی تأییدی) از طریق نرم‌افزارهای SPSS24، Smart-PLS20 استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که آموزش مبتنی بر شایستگی دارای چهار مؤلفه دانش، مهارت‌های علمی-کاربردی، مهارت‌های ارتباطی و نگرش و عوامل تأثیرگذار عبارتند از: آموزشی، فرهنگی، اقدامات آموزش‌‌وپرورش و اقتصادی. برازش مدل پژوهش نیز نشان داد که مجموع عوامل شناسایی‌شده توانستند 71/0متغیر شایستگی را پیش‌بینی کنند. در نهایت، مدل پیشنهادی از سطح برازش مناسبی برخوردار است (52/0=GOF).
This study was conducted with the aim of discovering the components of competency-based education to be used in technical and vocational high schools. This research had a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of purpose was applied study. The participants in the qualitative phase were 15 education experts and professors, selected using purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and data were analyzed through content coding and analysis. The researchers, participants, and education experts reviewed the data to verify its validity, and for reliability, the agreement coefficient between the coders and the reliability of the retest was used (78% & 82%). The study population in the quantitative phase consisted of 1373 teachers and principals from technical and vocational high schools in Qom province. The sample included 273 participants who were selected using Sample Power software based on relative stratified sampling. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative phase whose face and content validity was assessed by two indicators CVI and CVR and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data via SPSS24 and Smart-PLS20. The findings showed that the competency-based education contains the following four components: knowledge, applied-scientific skills, communicative skills, and attitude. Influential factors included educational; cultural factors; measures taken by the Ministry of Education and economic factors. The fitness of the model revealed that all the factors identified managed to predict 0.71 of the competency-based education variable. The model also showed acceptable goodness of fit (GOF=0.52).
- Acquaha, P. C, Frimpong, E. B. & Borkloe, J. K. (2017). The Competency Based Training (CBT) concept of teaching and learning in the Technical Universities in Ghana: Challenges and the Way Forward.Asia Pacific Journal of Contemporary Education and Communcation Technology, 3 (2), 172-182.
- Amin Khandaghi, M.; Jame Bozorg, M. &Saeedi Rezvani, M. (2013). Needs assessment of professional competencies of students of technical and vocational colleges based on Burich model and quadrant analysis model. Educational Planning Studies. 1 (2), 189-224, [in Persian].
- Ayonmike, S.; Okwelle, P. & Okeke, B. C. (2014). Competency Based Education and Training in Technical Vocational Education: Implication for Sustainable National Security and Development. Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research. 1 (2), 290-300.
- Betts, L. R.; Huntington, B.; Iao, L. S.; Dillon, G. V.; Baguley & et al. (2019). Developing a competency‐based education training programme for university tutors. The Journal of Competency‐Based Education. 4 (4), 1-6.
- Clark, A. O.; Olumese, H. A. (2013). Effective supervision as a challenge in technical and vocational education delivery: Ensuring quality teaching/ learning environment and feedback mechanism. Basic Research Journal of Education Research and Review. 2 (1), 6-15.
- Esenina, E.; Blinov, V.; Satdykov, A. & Ranepa, F. (2019). Approaches to developing compentency- based education stock-taking technical report, G20TS Project - Output 2.3. - Report on Competency Based VET Programs - ENG - draft 20190715d, 1-58
- Gervais, J. (2016). The operational definition of competency based education.The Journal of Competency Based Education. 1 (2), 98-106.
- Ghasemi, Vahid (2010) Structural Equation Modeling in Social Research with Application Amos Graphics, Tehran: Sociologists Publications.
- Hashemian, F.; Abbaspour, A.; Rahimian, H.; Delavar, A.; Ghiasi, S. (2018). Identify the factors affecting the improvement of managers' competencies. Journal of Management and Development Process, 30 (3), 161-180. [in Persian].
- Hedayati, A.; Maleki, H.; Sadeghi, A. & Saadipour, I. (2017). Designing and Validating a Competency-Based Curriculum Model for the Curriculum Master's Degree, Quarterly Journal of Qualitative Research in the Curriculum and Allameh Tabatabai University, 1 (4), 61-27. [in Persian].
- Hooshmand, M.; Hosseinnejad, H. & Ghezelbash, A. (2015). Investing in education and its impact on the economic growth of selected developing countries. Higher Education of Iran. 6 (1), 105-85. [in Persian].
- Kadkhodai, M. (2018). Designing a Model of Education Based on Academic Competence for Humanities, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Educational Psychology, Psychology Wedge, Al-Zahra University [in Persian].
- Khanifar, H.; Muslimi, N. & Bahmanyar, B. (2011). Education-oriented standard development guide, Tehran; Public Relations of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization.[in Persian].
- Khorshidi, A.; Farrokhi, D. (2013). Components of Graduates' Competencies, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Educational Planning Study, 1 (2), 131-162. [in Persian].
- kvale, steinar(1996).Inter views: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA, sage.
- Lester, S.; Religa, J. (2017). “Competence” and occupational standards: observations from six European countries.Education Training.
- Marjani, B.; Mafinejad, N. (2013). Education and training skills in the Netherlands, background and problems, growth of technical and vocational education. 8 (2), 31-26. [in Persian].
- Marope, P. T. M.; Chakroun, B.; Holmes, K. P. (2015).Unleashing the potential: Transforming technical and vocational education and training. UNESCO Publishing.
- Mulder, M. (2017). A Five-Component Future Competence (5CFC) Model. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 23 (2), 99-102.
- Nab, J.; Pilot, A.; Brinkkemper, S. & Ten Berge, H. (2010). Authentic competence-based learning in university education in entrepreneurship.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 9 (1), 20-35.
- Nikolov, E.; Shoikova, E. (2014). Competence based framework for curriculum development, pictet: EQF- based professional ICT training for Russia and Kazakhstan, 543808-TEMPUS-1-2013-1-BE-TEMPUS-JPHS, ISBN: 978-619-185-015-0, ISBN online: 978-619-185-016-7, Publisher: Za bukvite, O’pismeneh, Sofia.
- Okolocha, C. C.; Baba, E. I. (2016). The role of vocational and technical education (VTE) in Nigeria Democratic Dispensation.International Journal of Capacity Building in Education and Management, 2 (4), 12-24.
- Power, L.; Cohen, J. (2005). Competency-Based Education and Training Delivery: Status, Analysis and Recommendations. Academy for Educational Development. Dicapai Oktober 26 (8), 100-112.
- Rodríguez M, Robles L. (2015). Key competencies for entrepreneurship, Procedia Economics and Finance. 23, 828-832.
- Safari, M.; Soleimani, N.; & Jafari, P. (2018). Development Factors of Teachers' Collective Efficiency Culture From The Perspective of Experts in Tehran. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 10 (37), 335-358. [in Persian].
- Salehi Omran, E.; Qasemzadeh, A. (2014). A Study of General Skills Related to the Quality of Technical and Vocational Education from the Perspective of Stakeholders, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Value Creation, 2 (4), 41-23. [in Persian].
- Sharepour, M. (2016). Sociology of Education. Tehran: Samt, [in Persian].
- Torres, A. Scheopner, Brett, J. & Cox J. (2015). Competency- Based Learning: Defitions, policies and Implementation, Regional Educational Laboratory at EDC, www.relnei.org
- Volmari, K.; Helakorpi, S. & Frimodt, R. (2014). Competence frame work for vet professions: guidance for coaches and facilitators]. Translators: Salehi Omran, E. Tajri, M European. Center for the Devolopment of Vocational Training, Tehran: Technical and Vocational Education Organization. 2014.
- Walsh, L. (2002). Educational of professionals- Is there a role for a competency- Based Approach? School of Dentistry, the University of Quessland.
- Winterton, J. (2017). Competence-based vocational and professional education. M. Mulder (Ed.). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.
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- Acquaha, P. C, Frimpong, E. B. & Borkloe, J. K. (2017). The Competency Based Training (CBT) concept of teaching and learning in the Technical Universities in Ghana: Challenges and the Way Forward.Asia Pacific Journal of Contemporary Education and Communcation Technology, 3 (2), 172-182.
- Amin Khandaghi, M.; Jame Bozorg, M. &Saeedi Rezvani, M. (2013). Needs assessment of professional competencies of students of technical and vocational colleges based on Burich model and quadrant analysis model. Educational Planning Studies. 1 (2), 189-224, [in Persian].
- Ayonmike, S.; Okwelle, P. & Okeke, B. C. (2014). Competency Based Education and Training in Technical Vocational Education: Implication for Sustainable National Security and Development. Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research. 1 (2), 290-300.
- Betts, L. R.; Huntington, B.; Iao, L. S.; Dillon, G. V.; Baguley & et al. (2019). Developing a competency‐based education training programme for university tutors. The Journal of Competency‐Based Education. 4 (4), 1-6.
- Clark, A. O.; Olumese, H. A. (2013). Effective supervision as a challenge in technical and vocational education delivery: Ensuring quality teaching/ learning environment and feedback mechanism. Basic Research Journal of Education Research and Review. 2 (1), 6-15.
- Esenina, E.; Blinov, V.; Satdykov, A. & Ranepa, F. (2019). Approaches to developing compentency- based education stock-taking technical report, G20TS Project - Output 2.3. - Report on Competency Based VET Programs - ENG - draft 20190715d, 1-58
- Gervais, J. (2016). The operational definition of competency based education.The Journal of Competency Based Education. 1 (2), 98-106.
- Ghasemi, Vahid (2010) Structural Equation Modeling in Social Research with Application Amos Graphics, Tehran: Sociologists Publications.
- Hashemian, F.; Abbaspour, A.; Rahimian, H.; Delavar, A.; Ghiasi, S. (2018). Identify the factors affecting the improvement of managers' competencies. Journal of Management and Development Process, 30 (3), 161-180. [in Persian].
- Hedayati, A.; Maleki, H.; Sadeghi, A. & Saadipour, I. (2017). Designing and Validating a Competency-Based Curriculum Model for the Curriculum Master's Degree, Quarterly Journal of Qualitative Research in the Curriculum and Allameh Tabatabai University, 1 (4), 61-27. [in Persian].
- Hooshmand, M.; Hosseinnejad, H. & Ghezelbash, A. (2015). Investing in education and its impact on the economic growth of selected developing countries. Higher Education of Iran. 6 (1), 105-85. [in Persian].
- Kadkhodai, M. (2018). Designing a Model of Education Based on Academic Competence for Humanities, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Educational Psychology, Psychology Wedge, Al-Zahra University [in Persian].
- Khanifar, H.; Muslimi, N. & Bahmanyar, B. (2011). Education-oriented standard development guide, Tehran; Public Relations of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization.[in Persian].
- Khorshidi, A.; Farrokhi, D. (2013). Components of Graduates' Competencies, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Educational Planning Study, 1 (2), 131-162. [in Persian].
- kvale, steinar(1996).Inter views: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA, sage.
- Lester, S.; Religa, J. (2017). “Competence” and occupational standards: observations from six European countries.Education Training.
- Marjani, B.; Mafinejad, N. (2013). Education and training skills in the Netherlands, background and problems, growth of technical and vocational education. 8 (2), 31-26. [in Persian].
- Marope, P. T. M.; Chakroun, B.; Holmes, K. P. (2015).Unleashing the potential: Transforming technical and vocational education and training. UNESCO Publishing.
- Mulder, M. (2017). A Five-Component Future Competence (5CFC) Model. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 23 (2), 99-102.
- Nab, J.; Pilot, A.; Brinkkemper, S. & Ten Berge, H. (2010). Authentic competence-based learning in university education in entrepreneurship.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 9 (1), 20-35.
- Nikolov, E.; Shoikova, E. (2014). Competence based framework for curriculum development, pictet: EQF- based professional ICT training for Russia and Kazakhstan, 543808-TEMPUS-1-2013-1-BE-TEMPUS-JPHS, ISBN: 978-619-185-015-0, ISBN online: 978-619-185-016-7, Publisher: Za bukvite, O’pismeneh, Sofia.
- Okolocha, C. C.; Baba, E. I. (2016). The role of vocational and technical education (VTE) in Nigeria Democratic Dispensation.International Journal of Capacity Building in Education and Management, 2 (4), 12-24.
- Power, L.; Cohen, J. (2005). Competency-Based Education and Training Delivery: Status, Analysis and Recommendations. Academy for Educational Development. Dicapai Oktober 26 (8), 100-112.
- Rodríguez M, Robles L. (2015). Key competencies for entrepreneurship, Procedia Economics and Finance. 23, 828-832.
- Safari, M.; Soleimani, N.; & Jafari, P. (2018). Development Factors of Teachers' Collective Efficiency Culture From The Perspective of Experts in Tehran. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 10 (37), 335-358. [in Persian].
- Salehi Omran, E.; Qasemzadeh, A. (2014). A Study of General Skills Related to the Quality of Technical and Vocational Education from the Perspective of Stakeholders, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Value Creation, 2 (4), 41-23. [in Persian].
- Sharepour, M. (2016). Sociology of Education. Tehran: Samt, [in Persian].
- Torres, A. Scheopner, Brett, J. & Cox J. (2015). Competency- Based Learning: Defitions, policies and Implementation, Regional Educational Laboratory at EDC, www.relnei.org
- Volmari, K.; Helakorpi, S. & Frimodt, R. (2014). Competence frame work for vet professions: guidance for coaches and facilitators]. Translators: Salehi Omran, E. Tajri, M European. Center for the Devolopment of Vocational Training, Tehran: Technical and Vocational Education Organization. 2014.
- Walsh, L. (2002). Educational of professionals- Is there a role for a competency- Based Approach? School of Dentistry, the University of Quessland.
- Winterton, J. (2017). Competence-based vocational and professional education. M. Mulder (Ed.). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.