Comparative Study on the Influence of Window To Wall Ratio on Energy Consumption and Ventilation Performance in Office Building of Temperate Humid Climate: a Case Study in Rash

Subject Areas : Space Ontology International Journal

Seyedeh Hadiseh  Sedigh Ziabari ¹ (Department of Architecture , Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
Hassan  Zolfagharzadeh ² (Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.)
Farzaneh  Asadi Malek Jahan ³ (Department of Architecture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
Seyede Mamak  Salavatian ⁴ (Department of Architecture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)

Received: 2018-11-30 Accepted : 2019-07-11 Published : 2019-06-01

Keywords: energy consumption, Natural Ventilation, Office Building, Window-to-Wall Ratio, Design Builder,

Abstract :

The natural ventilation and the energy consumption are very important characteristics in buildings. Representation of the patterns for better natural ventilation performance versus lower increase in energy consumption is significant and useful. This study is simulating an office building in the temperate and humid climate of Rasht in Iran, and calculated the annual ventilation and the energy consumption for heating, cooling and total energy using Design Builder v 5.4. This simulation investigated variations in the window-to-wall (WWR) the building in cardinal directions. Accordingly, the influence index of consumed energies and ventilation from a change in WWR was calculated in cardinal directions. Moreover, the changes in total energy consumption and ventilation indices based on WWR were defined, calculated, and qualitatively analyzed. In the west direction, for the WWR of larger than 20%, a relative jump in total energy consumption is achieved. The ventilation and total energy consumption increased with increasing WWR from 10% to 15% and 20%. Also, for an increase to 25%, the lowest kew/kvw is attained and demonstrates the appropriate value. The heating energy consumption is positively affected by an increase in windows area in the north direction. In the south direction, WWR decrease from 25% to 10% showed better ratio of energy to ventilation indices. With increasing WWR from 25% to 30%, the low index ratio of 0.17 is achieved, demonstrating a larger increase in ventilation than in energy consumption and was considered as the suggested WWR. In the east direction, increment of WWR from 15% to 20% is a more appropriate option, as the ventilation index significantly increases with slight increase in energy consumption. Thus, using these indices and their analyses, engineering models of fenestration design of office buildings in the climate of Rasht to be improved in terms of energy consumption and ventilation.

References:

1. Altomonte, S.  Schiavon,S. (2013). Occupant satisfaction in LEED and non-LEED certifiedbuildings. Build. Environ.68.pp.66–76doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.06.008.


2. Bayoumi,Mohannad.(2017). Impacts of window opening grade on improving the energy  efficiency of a façade in hot climates, Building and Environment.04.08


3. Carroll,D. (1982). Energy Consumption and Conservation in buildings:An International Comparison.Proc.3rd Int.Symposium of Energy Conservation in the Built Environment . Vol.1A,CIB/AN Forbartha Dublin.


4. Cheng, X. Zheng, Z. Bu, Z.(2015). Case study on influences of occupant behavior on residential air handing unit and energy consumption. Building Science, 31. (10).PP. 94-98.


5. De la Torrea, S. Yousifb, C. (2014) Evaluation of chimney stack effect in a new brewery usinDesignBuilder-EnergyPlus software.


6. Demrati,H.Boulard,T.Bekkaoui,Bouirden,A.(2001).  Natural Ventilation and Microclimatic Performance of a Large-scale Banana Greenhouse. J. agric. Engng Res. 80 (3).pp.261-271


7. D’Oca, S. Hong, T. Langevin, J. (2018). The human dimensions of energy use in buildings: A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 81  731–742. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.019.


8. D’Oca, S. Chen, C. Hong, T. Belafi, Z. (2017).Synthesizing building physics with social psychology: An interdisciplinary framework for context and behavior in office buildings.Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 34. Pp. 240–251. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.08.002


9. El Fouiha,Y. Stabat,P. Riviere ,P.Hoanga,PH.Archambault, V.(2012) Energy and Buildings .pp.  29– 54


10. Nicol, Fergus . Humphreys, Micheal.(2002). "Adaptive thermal comfort and Sustainable thermal standard for building".Energy and Building, 34(6).pp.563- 572.


11. Ghiabaklou, Z. (2016). Fundamentals of Building Physics4 (Passive Cooling). AmirkabirUniversity.Tehran.Iran.(In persian)


12. Heeboll,A. Wargocki, P.  Toftum, J. (2018).  Window and door opening behavior, carbon dioxideConcentration, temperature, and energy use during the heating season in classrooms withdifferent ventilation retrofits—ASHRAE RP1624, Sci. Technol. Built Environ. 24.pp. 626–637


13. Kelly, S. (1990). Global Phase-out of Fully Halogenated Choloroflurocarbons Under the Terms of the Monteral Protocol Potential Replacements and Their Current Status.Proc.ASHRAE-RIGAIR90.CSIR.Pretoria.RSA Department of Psychology (M/C 285)The University of Illinois at Chicago 1009 Behavioral Sciences Building, Box 4348 60680 Chicago Illinois.


14. Mahdavinejad,M.  Ghasempourabadi,M. Ghaedi ,H.(2012) . The Role of Form Compositions in Energy Consumption of High rise Buildings (Case Study: Iran. Tehran). Advanced Materials Research. Vols.488 – 489.pp .181 -175


15. Mahmoudi,M. pourmosa,M.(2010). "Wind Energy Potential Evaluation and Its Fundamental Role in Air Conditioning and Humidity Annihilation", Case study: Rasht county (Golsar Region).Armanshahr Architecture Journal. Volume 3. Issue 4. Summer.pp. 147-156


16. Misiopecki, C. Bouquin, M. Gustavsen, A.  PetterJelle, B. Thermal modeling and -investigation of the most energy-efficient window position, Energy and Buildings,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.(2017).10.021


17. Prajongsan, P. Sharples, S. (2011). Enhancing natural ventilation. Thermal comfort and energy savings in high-rise residential buildings in Bangkok through the use of ventilation shafts.


18. PChung,L. Ahmad,M.H. Ossen,D.R. Hamid, M.(2014).EFFECTIVE SOLAR CHIMNEY CROSS SECTION VENTILATION PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA TERRACED HOUSE. International Conference Green Architecture for Sustanable Living and Environment (GASLE). 29 November


19. Pan, S. Xu, C. Wei, S. Hassan, T.M.  Xie, L. Xiong, Y. (2015)A research on window behavior of an office building in Beijing. Building Science, 31 (10).pp. 212-217.


20. Pelaz,B . Blanco,J. Cuadrado,JEgiluz,Z. Buruaga, A.(2017)Analysis of the influence of wood cladding on the thermal behavior of building fac¸ades; characterization through simulation by using different tools and comparative testing validation, Energy and Buildings Journal,141, pp: 349–360


21. Rezazadeh, N. Medi,H. (2017).Thermal Behavior of Double Skin Facade in Terms of Energy Consumption in the Climate of North of Iran-Rasht. Space Ontology International Journal. 6 (4), pp. 33-48.


22.  Sacht, H. Lukiantchuki, M. A. (2017 ) .  Windows Size and the Performance of Natural Ventilation, Creative Construction Conference 2017, CCC 2017, 19-22 June 2017, Primosten, Croatia, 196 .pp. 972 – 979.


23. Siewa, C.C. Che-Anib, A.I. Tawilb, N.M. Abdullahb, N.A.G. Mohd-Tahirb, M. (2011). Classification of Natural Ventilation Strategies in Optimizing Energy Consumption in Malaysian Office Buildings. The 2nd International Building Control Conference. pp. 363 – 371


24. Soltanzadeh, A.  Taghizadeh, K. Emamic, J.(2017).Evaluating the Efficiency of Different Cover Forms of the Large Spans


25. in Flowers and Plant Exhibitions Based on the Natural Ventilation System in a oderateand Humid Climate. Space Ontology International Journal. 6 (3),pp. 17-36


26. Taban,M. Pourjafa,M.Bemanian,M. HeidariSH.(2012). "Climate Impact on Architecture Ornament Analyzing the Shadow of Khavoon in Dezful Historical Context with the Use of Image Processing."Naghshejahan. 2(3).pp.79- 90


27. Vakilinezhad,R.(2013). Effect  Of  Building Envelope And Ventilation Patterns On Energy Consumption Of Residential Buildings (Case Study: Buildings With Single –Sided Ventilation In Hot And Dry Climate Of Shiraz),Thesis submitted in Partial FulFillment Of Philosophy In Architecture,Iran University Of Science And Technology Faculty Of Architecture And Urbanism.


28. Zhang,A. Bokel,R. Dobbelsteen,A. Sun,YHuang,Q. Zhang,Q.(2017),An integrated school and schoolyard design method for summer thermal comfort and energy efficiency in Northern China. Building and Environment Journal.124 (1), pp.369-387

Website References:

1. https://designbuilder.co.uk/software/for-architects