اثر آللوپاتیک یونجه بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی و رشد علفهای هرز بارهنگ پهن برگ و قدومه شیرازی
محورهای موضوعی : تکنولوژی بذراسمعیل نبی زاده 1 , خدیجه احمدی 2 , جعفر دیودل 3 , نادر جلیل نژاد 4
1 - دانشگاه مهاباد
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، تکنولوژی بذر و زراعت، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران.
3 - دانشگاه آزاد مهاباد
4 - دانشگاه آزاد مهاباد
کلید واژه: آللوپاتی, عصاره آبی یونجه, جوانهزنی, رشد گیاهچه, علف هرز.,
چکیده مقاله :
آللوپاتی یک پدیده بیولوژیکی سنتز و دفع ترکیباتی است که میتواند بر رشد موجودات مختلف، یعنی گونههای گیاهی تأثیر بگذارد. در این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره آبی یونجه (Medicago sativa L.) بر جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه دو گونه علف هرز بارهنگ پهن برگ (Plantago major) و قدومه شیرازی (Sisymbrium officinale) انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل اندامهای مختلف (برگ، کل اندام هوایی و ریشه) با غلظتهای مختلف (صفر (شاهد)، 25 و 50 درصد) بودند. آزمایش به-صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مهاباد در سال 1394 اجرا گردید. نتایج حاصل از آزمایشگاه نشان داد که غلظتهای عصاره آبی اندامهای مختلف یونجه تأثیر معنیداری در صفات جوانهزنی مانند درصد، سرعت و متوسط جوانه دو گونه علف هرز مورد پژوهش داشت. همچنین صفات رشدی وزن خشک و طول ریشهچه و ساقهچه نیز تحت اثر غلظتهای مختلف عصاره آبی اندامهای گیاه یونجه قرار گرفتند. افزایش غلظت عصاره آبی یونجه، موجب کاهش ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر علفهای هرز بارهنگ و قدومه شد، همچنین صفات وزن خشک ریشهچه و ساقهچه، طول ریشهچه و ساقهچه در 25 درصد روند شدید کاهشی داشت که در عصاره آبی تهیه شده از ریشه یونجه این کاهش بیشتر بود. بهطور کلی مشاهده شد که عصاره آبی ریشه یونجه موجب اثر منفی بر جوانهزنی بذور دو علف هرز گردید و که میتواند جوانهزنی و رشد علفهای هرز را محدود کند.
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon of synthesis and excretion of compounds that can affect the growth of different organisms, plant species. In this study, the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the germination and seedling growth of two weed species (Plantago major) and (Sisymbrium officinale) was carried out. The experimental treatments included different organs (leaf, whole shoot and root) with different concentrations (0 (control), 25 and 50%). A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely random basic design with three replications in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of the Islamic Azad University, Mahabad branch in 2014. The results obtained from the laboratory showed that the concentrations of aqueous extracts of different alfalfa organs had a significant effect on the germination characteristics such as percentage, speed and average germination of the two weed species under study. Also, the growth characteristics of dry weight and length of root and shoot were affected by different concentrations of aqueous extracts of alfalfa plant organs. Increasing the concentration of aqueous extract of alfalfa decreased the germination characteristics of weed seeds of barhang and gadomeh. The characteristics of dry weight of root and stem, length of root and stem showed a sharp decrease in 25%, and this decrease was more in aqueous extract prepared from alfalfa root. In general, it was observed that the aqueous extract of alfalfa root had a negative effect on the germination of the seeds of two weeds,
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