بررسی خصوصیات سبزشدن و رشد علف هرز جوموشی (Hordeum murinum L.) تحت تأثیر کودهای آلی
محورهای موضوعی : تکنولوژی بذرمحمدجواد بابائی زارچ 1 * , سید وحید اسلامی 2
1 - سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، یزد، ایران
2 - استاد مشاور
کلید واژه: کمپوست, کودهای آلی, سرعت سبزشدن گیاهچه, مدیریت علف¬های هرز, جوانه‌زنی.,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی سبزشدن گیاهچه و رشد علفهرز جوموشی تحت تأثیر کودهای آلی، آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 2 نوع کود تازه و کمپوست شده گاوی و سه سطح کاربرد (30، 60 و 90 تن در هکتار) بود. یک تیمار شاهد بدون کود نیز مورد کشت قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش میزان کود مورد استفاده به 30، 60 و 90 تن در هکتار درصد سبزشدن گیاهچه نسبت به تیمار شاهد بدون کود به ترتیب 20، 24 و 28 درصد کاهش یافت. اثر متقابل نوع و میزان کود گاوی نشان داد بیشترین وزن خشک جوموشی در تیمار 30 تن کود تازه حاصل شد و با افزایش میزان مصرف به 90 تن کود تازه گاوی کمترین وزن خشک گیاه جوموشی به دست آمد. هم‌چنین مقایسه میانگین کلیه سطوح تیماری با شاهد نشان داد مصرف کود گاوی تا سطح 60 تن نه تنها منجر به کاهش وزن خشک نسبت به شاهد نشد، بلکه در سطوح 30 و 60 تن کود تازه و 30 تن کود کمپوست شده آن افزایش وزن خشک نسبت به تیمار شاهد مشاهده گردید، اما افزایش میزان مصرف به 90 تن در هر دو نوع کود گاو منجر به کاهش معنیدار وزن خشک جوموشی نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد.
To evaluate wild barley emergence and growth affected by organic fertilizers, a factorial experiment was carried out with two-factor in a randomized complete block design with three replications and two runs in the Research Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand in 2012. The studied factors included type of cattle manure in two levels (fresh and composted manure) and manure rate in three levels (30, 60 and 90 t.ha-1). A control treatment with no manure was also incorporated into the experiment for a better exploration of the results. The results showed that using 30, 60 and 90 t.ha-1 of cattle manure reduced the wild barley emergence percentage by about 20, 24 and 28% compared to the control, respectively. Also the interaction between the type and rate of cattle manure showed that the greatest seedling emergence was achieved where 30 t.ha-1 of fresh cattle manure was applied. Means comparison for the interaction between the type and amount of cattle manure showed that the most wild barley dry weight was obtained with the application of 30 t.ha-1of fresh manure and increasing the consumption of this type of manure to 90 t.ha-1 significantly decreased wild barley dry weight. Means comparison for all treatments including the control showed that using 60 t.ha-1 of cattle manure not only did not reduce plant dry weight compared to control, but at levels of 30 and 60 t.ha-1 of fresh manure as well as 30 t.ha-1 of
Amisi, J. K., and Doohan, D., 2010. Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Seedling Emergence and Growth in Soils Amended with Composted Dairy Cattle Manure and Fresh Dairy Cattle Manure under Greenhouse Conditions. Weed Technology. 24, 71-75.
Amisi, K. J., 2005. Strategies for Managing Weeds in a Wheat, Red Clover, Vegetable Crop Rotation Transitioning to Organic Production. Ph.D. dissertation. Wooster, OH: The Ohio State University. Pp. 28, 45, 131–137.
Baitil wake, M. A., De Bolle, S., Salomez, J., Mrema, J. P., De Neve, S., 2011. Effects of manure nitrogen on vegetables’ yield and nitrogen efficiency in Tanzania. International Journal of Plant Production. 5, 417-430.
Blackshaw, R. E., Molnar, L. J., Larney, F. J., 2005. Fertilizer, manure and compost effects on weed growth and competition in western Canada. Crop Protection. 24, 971-980.
Efthimiadou, A., Froud-Williams, R. J., Eleftherohorinosc, I., Karkanis, A., Bilalis, D. J., 2012. Effects of organic and inorganic amendments on weed management in sweet maize. International Journal of Plant Production. 6 (3), 291-307.
Eghball, B., 2001. Composting Manure and Other Organic Residue. Cooperative Extension (Nebguide), Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
Gonzales, R. F. and L. R. Cooperband. 2002. Compost effects on soil physical properties and field nursery production. Computer science utilities. 10, 226–237.
Haidar, M. A., Sidahmed, M. M., 2006. Elemental and chicken manure for the control of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa). Crop Protection. 25, 47-51.
Hosseini, S. A., Zamani, G., Zand, E., Mahmoodi, S., 2013. Survey of composition and abundance of weeds in irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in South Khorasan province. Agroecology. 4, 307-315. [In Persian with English Summary].
Liebman, M., Menalled, F. D., Buhler, D. D., Richard, T., Sundberg, D., Cambardella, C. and Kohler, K., 2004. Impacts of composted swine manure on weed and corn nutrient uptake, growth, and competitive interactions. Weed. Science. 52, 365–375.
Ligneau, L. A., and Watt, T. A. 1995. The effects of domestic compost upon the germination and emergence of barley and six arable weeds. Annals of Applied Biology. 126, 153–162.
Little, N. G., Mohler, C. L., Ketterings, Q. M., DiTommaso, A., 2015. Effects of Organic Nutrient Amendments on Weed and Crop Growth. Weed Science. 63(3), 710-722.
Loecke, T. D., Liebman, M., Cambardella, C. A., Richards, T. L., 2004. Corn response to composting and time of application of solid swine manure. Agronomy Journal. 96, 214–223.
Marambe, B., and Ando, T. 1992. Phenolic acids as potential seed germination inhibitors in animal-waste compost. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 38, 727– 733.
Masarirambi, M. T., Mbokazi, B. M., Wahome, P. K. and Oseni, T. O., 2012. Effects of Kraal Manure, Chicken Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var Commander) in a Semi-arid Environment. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4(1), 58-64.
Menalled, F. D., Liebman, M., Buhler, D., 2004. Impact of composted swine manure and tillage on soybean common water hemp competition. Weed Science. 52, 605–613.
Menalled, F. D., Buhler, D. D., Liebman, M., 2005. Composted swinemanure effects on germination and early growth of crop and weed speciesunder greenhouse conditions. Weed Technology. 19, 784–789
Menalled, F. D., Liebman, M., Buhler, D., 2002. Impact of composted swine manure on crop and weed establishment and growth. Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop of the European Weed Research Society on Physical and Cultural Weed Control. Pisa, Italy. P. 183.
Ozores-Hampton, M., Stoffella, P. J., Bewick, T. A., Cantliffe, D. J., Obreza, T. A., 1999. Effect of age of composted MSW and biosolids on weed seed germination. Computer science utilities. 7, 51–57.
Roe, N. E., Stoffella, P. J., Bryan, H. H., 1993. Municipal solid waste compost suppresses weeds in vegetable crop alleys. HortScience. 28, 1171–1172.
Suthar, S., 2009. Impact of vermicompost and composted farmyard manure on growth and yield of garlic (Allium stivum L.) field crop. International Journal of Plant Production. 3, 27-38.