بررسی اثر زمان کاشت و کاربرد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر بر ویژگیهای جوانه‌زنی بذر بالنگو شیرازی Lallemantia royleana Benth.))
محورهای موضوعی : تکنولوژی بذر
طاهره کریمی جلیله وندی
1
(دانشگاه شاهد)
کلید واژه: کاشت بهاره, کاشت پاییزه, بهبود جوانه‌زنی, ترکیبات شیمیایی بذر, تنش غذایی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر زمان کاشت و کود شیمیایی بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی بذر بالنگوی شیرازی، پژوهشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در سال زراعی 93 – 1392 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شاهد اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل تاریخ کشت پائیزه و بهاره و و نیز کود شیمیایی (نیتروژن، فسفر) در سه سطح عدم مصرف کود، کاربرد نصف کود مورد نیاز (23 کیلوگرم در هکتار N + 6/50 کیلوگرم در هکتار P2O5) و کاربرد مقدار کامل توصیه شده کود (46 کیلوگرم در هکتار N + 2/101 کیلوگرم در هکتار P2O5) بود. نتایج نشان داد اثر تاریخ کاشت بر درصد جوانه‌زنی، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، درصد نیتروژن و فسفر و درصد موسیلاژ بذر در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار و بر وزن هزار دانه غیر معنی‌دار بود. اثر کود شیمیایی بر تمام صفات مذکور در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. هم‌چنین اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و کود شیمیایی بر فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، درصد موسیلاژ، درصد نیتروژن و فسفر بذر در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار و بر درصد جوانه‌زنی و وزن هزار دانه غیر معنی‌دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بیش‌ترین درصد جوانه‌زنی مربوط به کشت پاییزه (8/74 درصد) بود که افزایش 6/11 درصدی نسبت به کشت بهاره داشت. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین درصد جوانه‌زنی مربوط به اعمال کود کامل (46 کیلوگرم در هکتار N + 2/101 کیلوگرم در هکتار P2O5) (6/88 درصد) بود که افزایش 4/73 درصدی نسبت به شاهد نشان داد. به طور کلی کشت پاییزه و مقدار کامل کود باعث افزایش کیفیت بذر‌های بالنگو می‌شود.
Refrences
Ahmad, G., Jan, A., Arif, M., Jan, M.T. and Kattak, R.A. 2007. Influence of nitrogen and
sulfur fertilization on quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) under rainfed conditions. The
Journal of Zhejiang University Science. 10: 731-737.
Amanzadeh, Y., Khosravi dehaghi, N., Ghorbani, A.R., Monsef-Esfahani, H.R. and SadatEbrahimi, S.E. 2011. Antioxidant activity of Essential oil of Lallemantia iberica in Flowering
stage and Post-Flowering stage. Biological Sciences. 6(3): 114-117.
نشریه تحقیقات بذر، سال دهم، شماره 2 ،تابستان 1399 /صفحات : 49 -34
46
Alizaheh, M.A. and Essvand, H.R. 2004. Evaluation and the study of germination potential,
speed of germination and vigor index of the seeds of two species of medicinal plants (Eruca
sativa Lam., Anthemis altissima L.) under cold room and dry storage condition. Iranian Journal
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 20(3): 301-307.
Anderson, L.R. and Vasilas, B.L. 1985. Effects of planting date on two soybean cultivars:
Seasonal dry matter accumulation and seed yield. Crop science. 25(6): 999-1004.
Azari, A. and Khajepour, M.R. 2003. "Efect of planting pattern on growth, development, grain
yield and yield components in sunflower cv. Kooseh Isfahan in spring planting. Journal of
Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 7.1: 155-167.
Basra, A.S. 2002. Seed quality (basic mechanisms and agricultural implications). Darya Ganj,
New Delhi. Food Products Press, c1995.
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F. and CoÃme, D. 2000. Antioxidant systems in sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Science Research. 10: 35-42.
Baloch, A.F., Larik, K.A. and Jamro, G.H. 2006. Response of three mustard (Brassica Juncea
L.) varieties to N and P fertilizer levels. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural English. 22: 1058-
1062.
Darroch, B.A. and Baker, R.J. 1990. Grain filling in three spring wheat genotypes: Statistical
analysis. Crop Science. 30: 525-529.
Donohue, K., Barua, D., Butler, C., Tisdale, T., Chiang, G., Dittmar, E. and Casas., R. 2012.
Maternal effects alter natural selection on phytochromes through seed germination. Journal of
Ecology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01954.x.
Fanaei, H.R., Piree, E. and Narouei, M.R. 2014. Assessing the effect of different rates of
phosphorous fertilizer on grain and oil yield and some agronomic traits of Indian mustard
(Brassica juncea L.) under drought stress. Journal of environmental stresses in crop
sciences.6(2): 147-157.
Faraji, A. 2003. Effect of sowing date and plant density on rapeseed (Brassica napus).. Iranian
Journal of Crop Sciences. 5(1): 64-73.
Farzaneh, S., Azizie, Sh., Feyzi, P. and Sadegh zadeh, J. 2013. Evaluating the trend growing
sugar beet seed (Beta vulgaris) in sowing dates in Ardabil,First National Conference on eagriculture and sustainable natural resources, Tehran, October Arvand institution of higher
education, promoting eco-friendly. http://www.civilica.com/Paper-NACONF01-NACON
F01_0307.html.
Fekri, N., Khayami, M., Heydari, R. and Javadi, M. 2008. Isolation and identification of
monosaccharide of Mucilage in Dragon's head by thin layer chromatography. Research of
medicinal and aromatic plants. 21 (2): 207-216.
Filippo D’Antuono, L., Moretti, A. and Lovato, A.F.S. 2002. Seed yield, yield components, oil
content and essential oil contentand composition of Nigella sativa L. and Nigella damascena
L.Industrial Crops and Products. 15: 59–69.
Ghaderi, A., Kamkar, B. and Soltani, A. 2008. Seed science and technology. Mashhad: Jahade
Daneshgahi Mashhad Publication. P: 512, (In Persian).
Gorzin, M., Ghaderi-Far, F., Zeinali, E. and Razavi, S.E. 2015. Evaluation of Seed
Germination and Seed Vigor of Different Soybean (G ycinemax (L.) Merr.) Cultivars Under
Different Planting Dates in Gorgan. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 13(3):611-622.
Green, D.E., Pinnell, E.L. and Williams, L.F. 1965. Effect of planting date and
maturity date on soybean seed quality. Agronomy Journal. 57: 165-168.
Grubert, M. 1974. "Studies on the distribution of myxospermy among seeds and fruits of
Angiospermae and its ecological importance." Acta Biol. Venez. 8: 315-551.
Gupta, A., Vates, S.K. and Briji, L. 1998. How cheap can a medicinal plant species be?. Current
science. 14: 555-556.
Haddad, R., Morris, K. and Buchanan–Wollaston, V. 2004. Expression analysis of genes
related to oxidative protection during senescence in Brassica napus.Iranian Journal of
Biotechnology. 2: 269-278.
بررسی اثر زمان کاشت و کاربرد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر بر ویژگیهای...
47
He, H., Vidigal, D., Snoek, L.B., Schnabel, S., Nijveen, H., Hilhorst, H. and Bentsink, L.2014.
Interaction between parental environment and genotype affects plant and seed performance in
Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany. 65 (22): 6603–6615.
Hedge, I.C. 1970. Observation on the mucilage of Salvia fruits. Notes Royal
Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 30, 79-95.
Hegeman, C.E., Good, L.L. and Grabau, E.A. 2001. Expression of D-myo-Inositol-3-phosphate
synthase in soybean. Implications for phytic acid biosynthesis. Plant Physiology, 125: 1941 –
1948.
Hejazi, A. 2001. Raozaneh Press. 158 p.
Heydari sharif abade, H. and Torknejhad, A. 2000. Annual Medicago. First Edition.
Publishing Research Institute, forests, and meadows. 167 p.
Heydecker, W. and Orphanos, P.I. 1968. Planta. 83(3): 237-247.
Hrdlickova, J., Hejcman, M., Kristalova, V. and Pavlu, V. 2011. Production, size, and
germination of broad-leaved dock seeds collected from mother plants grown under different
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium supplies. Weed Biology and Management. 11: 190–201.
Kafi, M. and Mahdavi Damghani, A. 2000. Mechanisms of plant resistance to drought.
Publications University of Mashhad. 37-49.
Kafi, M., Rezvan Bidokhti, S.H. and Senjani, S. 2011. The effect of planting date and plant
density on yield and physiological traits shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.) In climatic
conditions Mashhad College of Horticulture (Agricultural Sciences and Technology). Journal
of Horticultural Science. 25(3): 310-319.
Kalnyasundrom, N.K., Pateb, P.B. and Dalat, K.C. 1982. Nitrogen need of Plantago ovata in
reaction to the available nitrogen in soil.Indian journal of Agricultural Science,52: 240- 242.
Kirkland, K.J. and Johnson, E.N. 2000. Alternative seeding dates (fall and April) affect
Brassica napus canola yield and quality. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 80: 713-719.
Lack, Sh. and Modhej. A. 2011. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on grain yield and grain
growth related traits of wheat genotypes under post-anthesis heat stress conditions. Iranian
Journal of Crop Sciences. 13(2): 219-233. (In Persian)
Landivar, J.A. and Jenkins, J.N. 1983. The application of Gossym in genetic feasibility studies.
Analyses of increasing photosynthesis, specific leaf weight and longevity of leaves. Crop
Science. 23:504-510.
Mayhew, W.L. and Caviness, C.E. 1994. Seed quality and yield of short-season soybean
genotypes. Agronomy Journal. 86: 16-19.
Moaafi Pasha Callaii, R., Rameae, V., Faraji, A. and Teymori shamushak, E.A. 2012. Study
levels of nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on phenological characteristics, grain yield and
yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Journal of Plants and Ecosystems. 8(32): 101.
Moazardelan, M. and Savaghebi Ferozabadi, GH.R. 2003. Fertility management for sustainable
agriculture (Translation). Tehran University, Publishing and Printing Institute. 218 p.
Modi, A.T. and Asanzi, N.M. 2008. Seed performance of maize in response to phosphorus
application and growth temperature is related to phytate-phosphorus occurrence. Crop science.
48: 286-297.
Morid poor, S., Sateei, A. and Ghorbanli, M. 2012. The effect of ammonium nitrate on the
activity of antioxidant Urtica (Urtica dioica). The first National Conference on Molecular
Cellular News, Parand, Islamic Azad University, Unit of Parand.
http://www.civilica.com/Paper-NCNCMB01- NCNCMB01_117.html.
Morrison, M.J., Mcvetty, P.B. and Shaykewick E.J. 1989. The determination and vertification
of abaseline temperature for the growth of westar summer rape. Canadian journal of plant
science. 69: 455-465.
Noormohamadi, Gh., Seadat, E. and Kashani, E. 2004. Agriculture Cereal. Fifth Edition.
Shahed Chamran University Press. 160-164 p.
Ojala, J. C., Javrell, W.M., Menge, J.A. and Johnson, E.L.V. 1983. Influence of Corrizfung
on the mineral nutrition and yield of onion is Saline Soil .Agronomy Journal. 75: 255-259.
نشریه تحقیقات بذر، سال دهم، شماره 2 ،تابستان 1399 /صفحات : 49 -34
48
Pacheco, R.S., Brito, L.F., Straliotto, R., Pérez, D.V. and Araújo, A.P. 2012. Seeds enriched
with phosphorus and molybdenum as a strategy for improving grain yield of common bean
crop. Field Crops Research. 136: 97–106.
Pereira, G.J.G., Milina, S.M.G., Lea, P.J. and Azevido, R.A. 2002. Activity of antioxidant
enzymes in response to cadmium in crotalaria juncea. Plant and Soil. 239:123-132.s
Permone, G.H., Ebadi, E., Ghavi azam, E. and Meri, M. 2012. Effect of Pretreatment of seed
germination and seedling growth of camomille (Matricaria chamomilla) in saline conditions.
Journal of crop production. 6(3): 541-564.
Rashidi, S. 2010. Study of the antioxidant enzyme catalase-peroxidase activity and untreated
seeds with different vigor in the early stages of germination. National Conference on Medicinal
Plants, Sari, Mazandaran University Jihad Unit Mazandran. http://www.civilica.com/PaperHERBAL01-HERBAL01_841.html.
Rasti, S., Omidi, H. and Jafarzadeh, L. 2013. The effect of salicylic acid hormone Pierre
germination, seedling growth and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of medicinal
plants Balangu. (Lallemantia royleana Wall.) The first national congress on medicinal plants.
Kish Island.
Sajan, A.S., Pawar, K.N., Dhanaleppagol, M.S. and Briadar, B.D. 2004. Influence of
stresstreatment on seed quality of sorghum genotypes. Crop Research. 27: 46-49.
Samarah, N.H. and Abu-Yahya, A. 2008. Effect of maturity stages of winter and spring sowen
chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) on germination and vigor of the harvested seeds. Seed Science
and Technology. 36: 177-190.
Sarmadnia, G.H. and Koocheki, A. 2003. Crop Physiology. Jihad Danshgahi Mashhad Press,
Mashhad, Iran. 234 pp. (In Persian).
Sawan, Z.M., Fahmy A.H. and Yousef, S.E. 2011. Effect of potassium, zinc and phosphorus on
seed yield, seed viability and seedling vigor of cotton (Gossypiumbarbadense L.). Archives of
Agronomy and Soil Science. 57: 75–90.
Schachtman, D.P., Reid, R.J. and Ayling, S.M. 1998. Phosphorus uptake by plants: from soil to
cell. Plant Physiology.116: 447–453.
Seyedi, S.M., Rezvani moghadam, P., Khajeh hosseine, M. and Shahandeh, H. 2015. Improve
the physiological aspects of seed Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in calcareous soils: the role
of phosphorus plant seeds under the influence of maternal nutrition. Seed Science and
Technology. Iran. 4(1): 27-38.
Soltani, A., Ghorbani, M.H., Galeshi, S. and Zeinali, E. 2004. Salinity effect on germination
and vigor of harvest seeds in wheat. Seed Science and Technology. 32: 583-592.
Sumeria, H.K. 2003. Response of mustard to phosphorus triacontanol granule and growth
promoters. Journal of Agricultural Science. Digest. 23: 134 - 136.
Tabatabai, R. and Kashani, E. 1995. Effects of planting date and plant density on soybean in the
Khuzestan region. Thesis, martyr Chamran University, Faculty of Agriculture.Agronomy and
Plant Breeding.
Tekrony, A.M., Grabau, LJ., Delacy, M. and Kane, M. 1996. Early planting of early-maturing
soybean: effects on seed germination and Phomopsis infection. Agronomy Journal. 88: 428-
433.
Torani, M., Galeshi, S., Zeinali, A. and Ghadri far, F. 2014. Effect of different nitrogen
nutrition and diet waterlogging stress on the antioxidant activity of soybean (Glycine max L.).
Second National Conference on Healthy Environment for Sustainable Agricultural
Development, Monday, September 22.
White, P.J. and Veneklaas, E.J. 2012. Nature and nurture: the importance of seed phosphorus
content. Plant Soil. 357: 1–8.
Ziaian, A. 2003. Use micro element in agriculture, press. Agriculture education emission. Tehran,
P.20