بررسی اثرات ضد قارچی چند اسانس گیاهی در رشد قارچ عامل پوسیدگی سفید ساقه کلزا (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) در شرایط آزمایشگاه

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

سمانه تیموری ¹ , کامران رهنما ²

1 - دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1391/05/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1391/11/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/03/01

کلید واژه: اسانس گیاهی, پوسیدگی سفید ساقه کلزا, رازیانه,

چکیده مقاله :

استفاده از اسانس‌های گیاهی به عنوان عوامل ضدمیکروبی در چند سال اخیر افزایش یافته است. در این بررسی فعالیت ضد قارچی اسانس‌های نعناع (Mentha piperita)، رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) و آویشن (Thymus vulgaris) روی قارچ Sclerotinia sclerotiorum در شرایط آزمایشگاه به روش اختلاط اسانس با محیط کشت PDA در 5 غلظت مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج مشخص کرد که اسانس نعناع تأثیر کافی بر روی رشد میسلیوم قارچ نداشت به­گونه­ای که با شاهد در سطح یک درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان نداد. اسانس رازیانه مؤثرترین اثر بازدارندگی روی رشد قارچ Sclerotinia sclerotiorum را داشت، چنانکه حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی اسانس رازیانه 150 میکرولیتر در لیتر بود. در ضمن با افزایش غلظت اسانس آویشن میانگین قطر پرگنه قارچ کاهش یافت. نتایج این پژوهش نشـان می‌دهد اسانـس رازیانه می‌تواند به عنوان قارچکش طبیعی جهت کنترل بیمارگر S. sclerotiorum مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و هم­چنین مشخص شد که افزایش غلظت اسانس و نوع اسانس می‌تواند تأثیر متفاوتی بر این بیمارگر داشته باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Use of some essential oils as antimicrobial agents has increased during the past decade.
In this study the antifungal activity of essential oils of peppermint (Mentha piperita), fennel
(Foeniculum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) was examined for inhibition of mycelia
growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on PDA amended with ethanolic extracts of the 3
medicinal plants at five concentrations (75, 150,300, 600 and 1200 microliter/l.). Results
showed that the essential oil of peppermint did not have sufficient effects on mycelial growth
of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum because it exhibited no significant difference with control at 99%
confidence level. The essential oil of fennel had high antifungal activity and suppressed
fungal growth at minimum inhibitory concentration of 150 3l/l. Thyme oil reduced mycelial
growth at relatively higher concentration. Findings from this study showed that essential oils
of fennel could be considered as a candidate for further investigations towards its application
as natural fungicide to control S. sclerotiorum. Results suggest that the kind and concentration
of essential oil can affect pathogenic fungi differently.

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