EFL University Instructors’ Employment Status and Their Perception of Professional Commitment
Subject Areas : Research in English Language PedagogyRazieh Ganjali 1 , Hamid Ashraf 2 , Khalil Motallebzadeh 3
1 - Department of English, Torbat-e Heydarieh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran
2 - Department of English, Torbat-e Heydarieh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran
3 - Department of English, Torbat-e Heydarieh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran
Keywords: PLS-SEM, EFL university instructors, Commitment to profession, Commitment to students, Commitment to university,
Abstract :
Instructors play an important role in educating the future members of society through their work in universities and quality education cannot be achieved without the supreme efforts of dedicated and committed university teachers. Hence, there is a call for more research concerning the notion of teacher commitment, its dimensions and the factors that influence it. The current study first aimed to set priority among the dimensions of EFL instructors’ professional commitment through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling and then investigate the effect of EFL instructors’ employment status as full time or part time on their professional commitment through two-tailed t-test. A previously validated EFL Teachers’ Professional Commitment Questionnaire was employed to collect data from 420 EFL male and female university instructors. The results exhibited a significant difference between these two variables in total. One of the important implications of this research is that EFL instructors inspire to evaluate their commitment regarding the priority of dimensions and their underlying components meticulously to find out what they should work on more to improve students’ achievements in the EFL learning context of Iran.
Aghaei, N. & Savari, M. (2014). The relationship between psychological empowerment and professional commitment of selected physical education teachers in Khuzestan province, Iran. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(4).147-155.
Arjunan, M., & Balamurugan, M. (2013). Professional commitment of teachers working in tribal area schools. International Journal of Current Research and Development. 2 (1), 65-74.
Bandura, A. (1992). On rectifying the comparative autonomy of perceived control: Comments on “cognates of personal control.” Applied and Preventive Psychology, 1(3), 121-126.
Becker, H. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66, 32-40.
Burke, P. J., & Reitzes, D. C. (1981). The link between identity and role performance. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44(2), 83-92.
Colarelli, S. M., & Bishop, R. C. (1990). Career commitment: Functions, correlates, and management. Group and Organization Studies, 15(2), 158–176.
Crosswell, L. (2006). Understanding teacher commitment in times of change (Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology). Retrieved from https://eprints.qut.edu.au/
Elliott, B., & Crosswell, L. (2002). Teacher commitment and engagement: The dimensions of ideology and practice associated with teacher commitment and engagement within an Australian perspective (On-line). Retrieved from http://www.aare.edu.au/02pap/cro02522.htm
Firestone, W. A., & Pennell, J. R. (1993). Teacher commitment, working conditions, and differential incentive policies. Review of Educational Research, 63(2), 489–525.
Foote, N. N. (1951). Identification as the basis for a theory of motivation. American Sociological Review, 16(4), 14-21.
Gamoran.O.(2003). School effectiveness and school improvement. Sited on www.reload.ac.uk/
Ganjali, R., Ashraf, H.,& Motallebzadeh, Kh., (2018). Developing and validating EFL Instructors’ Professional Commitment Questionnaire through PLS-SEM. A paper submitted for publication.
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Anchor Books.
Habibi, N., Vazifehdust, H., & Jafari, P. (2016). Upgrading Islamic Azad University social accountability factors. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 22 (2), 125-145.
Huang, X., Lee, J. CK., Zhang, Z., &Wang, J. (2016). Teacher Commitment in Northwest China.
In: Lee J.CK., Yu Z., Huang X., Law E.HF. (Eds.), Educational Development in Western China. Sense Publishers: Rotterdam.
Huber, M. (1999). Co-ordination within schools, the commitment of teachers and students and student achievement. Educational Research and Evaluation, 5(2), 139-156.
Jandaghi, Gh. , Mokhles, Ali .,& Bahrami, H. (2011). The impact of job security on employees' commitment and job satisfaction in Qom municipalities. African Journal of Business Management, 5(16), 6853-6858.
Kanter, R. M. (1974). Commitment and social organization. In D. Field (Ed.), Social psychology for sociologists (pp. 126-146). London: Nelson.
Klein, H. J. Molloy, J.C. & Cooper, T. (2009). Conceptual foundations: Construct definitions and theoretical representations of workplace commitment, in H. J. Klein, T. E. Becker, & J. P. Meyer(Ed.). Commitment in organizations: Accumulated wisdom and new direction, New York: Rutledge/Taylor and Francis, 3-36.
Lawrence, A. S., & Deepa.T. (2012). Teacher commitment to promoting education: The Need of the Hour. Professionalism in Facing the Challenges of Education, Tirunelveli, 70(6), 298-303
Louis, K. S. (1998). Effects of teacher quality of work-life in secondary schools on commitment and sense of efficacy. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(1), 1-27.
Mart, C.T. (2013). Commitment to school and students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(1), 336-340.
Meyer, J.P. & Allen, N.J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management, 1(1), 61-89.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(6),20-52.
Mowday, R., Porter, L. & Steers, R. (1982). The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York, NY: Academy Press.
Mutchler, H. (2005). Teacher identity in Africa: the case of the Republic of Benin (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Stanford University, USA.
Nabukenya, J. (2005). Collaboration engineering for policy making: A theory of good policy in a
collaborative action. In H. Bounif (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th doctoral consortium. held in conjunction with the 17th conference on advanced information systems engineering (CAiSE’05). Portal, Portugal, 54–61.
Park, I. (2005). Teacher commitment and its effects on student achievement in American high schools. Educational Research and Evaluation, 11(5), 461–485.
Razak, A.D., Darmawan, N.G., & Keeves, J. (2009).Teacher commitment. In L.J. Saha, A.G. Dworkin (eds.), International Handbook of research on teachers and teaching (pp.343–360). Springer Science.
Rosenholtz, S. J. (1989). Teachers’ workplace: The social organization of schools. New York: Longman.
Saha, L.J., Dworkin, A.G. (2009). International handbook of research on teachers and teaching, Springer Science. Business Media LLC.
Salancik, G. (1977). Cited in Singh, B., Gupta, P.K. & Venugopal, S.(2008). Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34(1), 57-68.
Singh,B., Gupta, P. K., & Venugopal, S.(2008). Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34(1), 57-68.
Somech, A., & Bogler, R. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of teacher organizational and professional commitment. Educational Administration Quarterly, 38(4), 555–577.
Stone, W. C. (1962). The success system that never fails. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
Srinivasan, S. & Ambedkar, V. (2014). Developing a tool to measure professional commitment towards teaching scale. International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(6), 17-20.
Stryker, S. (1977). Developments in two social psychologies: toward an appreciation of mutual relevance. Sociometry, 40,145-160.
Stryker, S. & Burke, P.J. (2000). The past present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284-297.
Thien, L. M., Razak, N. A., & Ramayah, T. (2014). Validating teacher commitment scale using a Malaysian sample. Sage Open. Retrieved from http://sgo.sagepub.com/content.
Tsui, K. T., & Cheng, Y. C. (1999). School organizational health and teacher commitment: A contingency study with multi-level analysis. Educational Research and Evaluation, 5(3), 249-268.
Tyree, A. K. (1996). Conceptualizing and measuring commitment to high school teaching. Journal of Educational Research, 89(5), 295-304.
Wallace, J. E. (1993). Professional and organizational commitment: Compatible or incompatible? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 42(2), 333–349.
Weinstein, B. F. (1969). The concept of a commitment to international relations. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 13 (1), 39-56.