اثر مقادير مختلف نيتروژن و پتاسيم بر برخي صفات مورفولوژيك و فيزيولوژيك ذرت (704.C. S) تحت تنش شوري
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
کلید واژه: ذرت, نيتروژن, پتاسيم, شوري ,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسي اثرات شوري بر برخي صفات مورفولوژيك و فيزيولوژيك ذرت آزمايشي به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح كامل تصادفي در 4 تكرار بر رقم 704 ذرت در شرايط گلخانه‌اي در سال 1388 اجرا گرديد. عامل A در دو سطح شامل: (1a: آب آبياري به عنوان شاهد 2а: شوري dS/m6) ، عامل B در سه سطح شامل (1b: ميزان نيتروژن بر اساس آزمون خاك، 2b: ميزان نيتروژن 50 درصد بيشتر از آزمون خاك، 3b: ميزان نيتروژن 100 درصد بيشتر از آزمون خاك) و عامل C در سه سطح شامل: (1C: ميزان پتاسيم بر اساس آزمون خاك، 2C: ميزان پتاسيم 50 درصد بيشتر از آزمون خاك و 3C: ميزان پتاسيم 100 درصد بيشتر از آزمون خاك) بود. در طي دوره رشد، صفات مورفولوژيكي از قبيل قطر ساقه و ارتفاع بوته در دو مرحله زماني، تعداد برگ در زمان برداشت، ميزان سبزينگي در دو مرحله زماني، سطح برگ، محتوي آب نسبي و شاخص پايداري غشا مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتايج نشان داد اعمال شوري باعث كاهش قطر ساقه، ارتفاع بوته، سطح برگ، محتوي آب نسبي شد. در حاليكه درصد سبزينگي و شاخص پايداري غشا افزايش يافت ولي تاثير معني‌داري بر روي تعداد برگ نداشت. با افزايش مصرف نيتروژن در شرايط شور ارتفاع بوته، ميزان سبزينگي، سطح برگ، محتوي آب نسبي و شاخص پايداري غشا افزايش يافت. به طوريكه بيشترين سطح برگ معادل 178/0 مترمربع در بوته با مصرف 50 درصد نیتروژن بيشتر از آزمون خاک حاصل شد، مصرف پتاسيم در شرايط شور و بدون شوري باعث ايجاد تغييراتي در شاخص‌های رشد شد به طوريكه در شرايط شور، بيشترين ارتفاع در مصرف 100 درصد بيشتر از مقدار پتاسيم حاصل شد كه با مقدار 50 درصد بيشتر از آن تفاوت معني‌داري نداشت.
To study the effects of salinity on morphological and physiological characteristics, an experiment was performed in Factorial completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse condition in 1388. Factor A included two levels of salinity a1) The salinity of irrigation water as control a2) The salinity of 6 dS/m , factor B include three levels b1)the rate of nitrogen based on soil test, b2) the rate of nitrogen is 50% more than soil test b3) the rate of nitrogen is 100% more than soil test, and factor C also included in three, levels C1) the rate of potassium based on soil test C2) the rate of potassium is 50% more than soil test, and C3) the rate of potassium is 100% more than soil test. During the growth morphological characteristics were studied: diameter of stem height of shrub in two time stages, number of leaves in harvest time, the greenish rate in two times, leaf surface, relative water content and membrane stability indicator. The result showed that the exertion of salinity causesd the decrease of stem diameter, height of shrub, Leaf area, and relative water content. However the greenish rate and membrane stability indicator were increased but this didn’t have any meaningful effect on the number of leaves .With nitrogen usage increase at sline condition there was a meaningful increase in shrub height greenish rate, leaf surface, relative water content and membrane stability indicator. Also it was shown that with application of 50% of nitrogen the greatest leaf surface increases to 0/178m2 was attained.The use of potassium with and without salinity condition caused some changes. In salinity condition the height was increased with the usage of 100% potassium (50%) there was no significant difference.
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