سازگاری‌های غدد درون‌ریز در متابولیسم گلوکز: عملکرد بهینه در ورزش‌های استقامتی
محورهای موضوعی : نشانگر های زیستی پلاسما
دانیال تارمست
1
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اردشیر ظفری
2
1 - استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد پرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پرند، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه علوم ورزشی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.
کلید واژه: ورزش‌های استقامتی, متابولیسم گلوکز, انسولین, گلوکاگون, کاتکول‌آمین‌ها, هموستاز گلوکز, سازگاری‌های غدد درون‌ریز,
چکیده مقاله :
ورزش‌های استقامتی با تمرکز بر فعالیت‌های طولانی‌مدت و شدت متوسط، تغییرات قابل توجهی در سیستم‌های فیزیولوژیکی و هورمونی بدن ایجاد می‌کنند. این مقاله مروری به بررسی سازگاری‌های غدد درون‌ریز در متابولیسم گلوکز در پاسخ به تمرینات استقامتی و تأثیرات آن‌ها بر عملکرد ورزشی پرداخته است. در این فرایند، هورمون‌هایی همچون انسولین، گلوکاگون، و کاتکول‌آمین‌ها نقش مهمی در تنظیم سطح گلوکز خون و تأمین انرژی برای بافت‌ها، به ویژه عضلات ایفا می‌کنند. تمرینات استقامتی موجب کاهش ترشح انسولین و افزایش ترشح گلوکاگون و کاتکول‌آمین‌ها می‌شوند، که این تغییرات به بهینه‌سازی استفاده از گلوکز و حفظ هموستاز گلوکز کمک می‌کند. علاوه بر این، تأثیر این تغییرات هورمونی تحت تأثیر عواملی مانند جنسیت، سطح آمادگی جسمانی و شرایط محیطی قرار دارد. لذا، با بررسی تحقیقات موجود نشان می‌دهد که این سازگاری‌ها در افراد با سطح آمادگی جسمانی بالا منجر به عملکرد بهینه‌تر در طول ورزش‌های استقامتی می‌شود. در نتیجه، مقاله حاضر بر اهمیت شناخت دقیق تعاملات هورمونی در ورزش‌های استقامتی و ضرورت انجام تحقیقات بیشتر برای درک کامل این سازگاری‌ها تأکید می‌کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Endurance sports, characterized by prolonged durations of moderate-intensity exercise, result in substantial changes in the body's hormonal and physiological systems. The impact of endurance training on athletic performance and the endocrine alterations associated with glucose metabolism are the focus of this review article. In regulating blood glucose levels and providing energy to tissues, particularly skeletal muscles, hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and catecholamines are essential. Endurance training reduces insulin secretion and increases the production of glucagon and catecholamines, which collectively promote glucose consumption and maintain glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, the impacts of these hormonal modifications are affected by environmental conditions, individual fitness levels, and biological sex. Current literature suggests that individuals demonstrating elevated physical fitness levels experience more optimal endocrine responses, subsequently enhancing their endurance activity performance. The importance of understanding the intricate hormonal connections in endurance sports and the need for further research to elucidate these adaptations fully is underscored in this article.
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1. Seiler S. What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? International journal of sports physiology and performance. 2010;5(3):276-91.
2. Kubukeli ZN, Noakes TD, Dennis SC. Training techniques to improve endurance exercise performances. Sports medicine. 2002;32:489-509.
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