سیاستگذاری راهبردی بر کاهش میزان وقوع جرایم شهری در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی شهر یاسوج نمونه موردی (مادوان سفلی، بلهزار و مهریان)
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
سام حجازی نیا
1
,
مجید رحیمی
2
,
علی شمس الدینی
3
1 - دانشجو دکتری ،گروه شهرسازی، واحد یاسوج،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه شهرسازی واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،شیراز ، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
کلید واژه: سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی, توانمندسازی, شهر یاسوج, جرایم شهری, سیاستگذاری,
چکیده مقاله :
شهر یاسوج در سال‌های اخیر رشد زیادی از جنبه کالبدی و اقتصادی داشته و مهاجرپذیر بوده است، بیشترین توسعه در سکونتگاه‌های پیرامونی شهر یاسوج بوده و افزایش پدیده حاشیه‌نشینی مشهود می‌باشد، از طرفی امنیت شهر یاسوج را این سکونتگاه‌ها مورد تأثیر خود قرار داده‌اند. از دیگر اهداف این پژوهش شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر جرم در نواحی پیرامونی شهر یاسوج و تأثیر آن بر برنامه‌ریزی جرم‌خیزی می‌باشد تا از طریق مهندسی اجتماعی و توانمندسازی فرهنگی ساکنین همراه با مشارکت مردمی با رویکرد محلی نسبت به کاهش و حل جرائم شهری اقدام کرد. پژوهش حاضر برحسب ماهیت، توصیفی - استنباطی و برحسب هدف تحقیق دانش‌پژوهی (توسعه‌ای–کاربردی) است و با محور قراردادن سیاستگذاری اجتماع‌محور بر کاهش میزان وقوع جرایم شهری در سکونتگاه‌های پیرامونی شهر یاسوج به بررسی این اثرات می پردازد. یافته‌های این پژوهش، رابطه مستقیم با درصد بالایی را بین برنامه‌ریزی جرم‌خیزی با عوامل جرم از جمله: فقر، بی‌سوادی، بیکاری، مدیریت ناکارآمد، اختلافات قومی و کاهش آن‌ها از طریق توانمندسازی اجتماع‌محور با تأکید بر مهندسی اجتماعی، آگاهی‌بخشی، بسترسازی و ریل‌گذاری توسط مقامات محلی از طریق مشارکت همه‌جانبه ساکنین محلی را نشان می‌دهد.
In recent years, the city of Yasouj has grown a lot in terms of physical and economic aspects and has been open to immigration, the most development is in the surrounding settlements of the city of Yasouj, and the increase in the phenomenon of marginalization is evident. On the other hand, these settlements have affected the security of the city of Yasouj. Another goal of this research is to identify the factors affecting crime in the surrounding areas of Yasouj city and its effect on crime planning in order to reduce and solve urban crimes through social engineering and cultural empowerment of residents along with people's participation with a local approach. The current research is descriptive-inferential in nature and academic research (developmental-applied) in terms of its purpose, and it examines these effects with the focus of community-oriented policy on reducing the occurrence of urban crimes in the peripheral settlements of Yasouj city. The findings of this research show a direct relationship with a high percentage between crime planning and crime factors such as: poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, inefficient management, ethnic differences and their reduction through community-oriented empowerment with an emphasis on social engineering, awareness raising, foundation building and rail laying by the authorities. It represents locality through the comprehensive participation of local residents.
Adel el, M. Shrine, S. Fadwa, k. 2016. “Affordable Housing as a Method for Informal Settlements Sustainable Upgrading”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 223. pp. 126- 133.
Alireza, Laden (2008), the reasons for marginalization in the metropolitan city of Tehran, Quarterly Journal of Urban Management Studies, first year, third pre-issue, winter 2018(in Persian).
Alsop, R., Bertelsen, M. and Holland, J. (2006). Empowerment in practice: From Analysis to Implementation. The World Bank.
Arman Shar architectural and structural consulting engineers company (2017), revision of plans of Madawan Sefali village, Belhazar, Mehrian, Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation of Kohgilouye and Boyer Ahmad provinces (in Persian).
Ayazi, Seyyed Mohammad Hadi (2009) Informal settlements and community-oriented planning with an emphasis on Tehran metropolis (in Persian).
Bayat, Bahram (2014), Analysis of injuries and crimes in marginal areas of Tehran, Social Security Studies, Fall 2014, Volume 2, Number 43, pp. 20-1 (in Persian).
Bezi, Dr. Khodarahm, Kayani, Dr. Akbar, Safarzaei, Abdul Ghani. (2016). Evaluation of the strategy of empowering marginal residents in improving the city of Zabul. Geography and Regional Urban Studies, 7(23), 127-148 (in Persian).
Chowdhury, Farhat. Jahan and A.T.M. Nurul, Amin. (2006): Environmental assessment in slum, improvement programs: Some evidence from a study on infrastructure projects in two Dhaka slums. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 26, pp 530– 552.Akhter, Ali Mohammed & Toran, Kavita, (2000). Migration, Slums & Urban Squalor. at: www.Yorku.ca/bunchmi/ICEH.
Ebrahimpour, Daud, Habibzadeh, Ashab, Khale Oghli Cherandabi, Zainab. (2019). The study of social factors related to the feeling of social security among marginal and non-marginal residents of Tabriz city. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Social Security Studies, 11 (in Persian).
Eskandari Naudeh Mohammad, Sayyad Bidhandi Leila, (2013) Title: Evaluation of the government policy in organizing informal housing in Bandar Abbas using factor analysis and Likert scoring method, Volume 21, Number 84 - Serial Number 84, Winter 2011, Pages 35-54(in Persian).
Fathi, Ayatollah, Bagherzadeh, Mahdia. (2019). Predicting social security based on social health, communication skills, and life skills in women in marginal areas of Tabriz. Scientific Quarterly of Social Security Studies, 11(62), 109-137 (in Persian).
Hardina, Donna. (2003). Linking Citizen Participation to Empowerment Practice:A Historical Overview. Journal of Community Practice.
Helling, Louis. Serrano,Radrigo. Warren, David. (2005). “Linking Community Empowerment, Decentralized Governance, and Public Services Provision through a Local Development Framework”. Word Bank. Community Driven Development, Social protection.
Iran Statistics Center, General Census of Population and Housing 1345-2016 (in Persian).
Islam, M.Ruzaul. (2014). Non-Governmental Organization’s Role for Social Capital and Community Empowerment in Community Development: Experience from Bangladesh. Asian Social work and policy review8. 261-264.
Johnson, J. V. (1997). Empowerment in future work life, Scand J Work Environment Health, 23(4), 23-27.
Karimzadeh, H., and Khaleghi, A., and Valai, M. (2018). Social pathology of marginalization in Tabriz metropolis with empowerment approach. Development of peri-urban spaces, 1(2), 15-34(in Persian).
Kwaku K. and Peter A. (2004). Power, participation, and inflexible institutions: An examination of the challenges to community empowerment in participatory GIS, Cartographical, 38(3,4), 5–18.
Malhotra, A., Schuler, S. R. and Boender, C. (2002). Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development., Gender and Development Group of the World Bank.
Martınez, J., Gora, M., Richard, S., & Alfred, S. (2008). Trends in urban and slum indicators across developing world cities,1990–2003. HabitatInternational,32,86–108.
Marwa A. Khalifa. 2015.“Evolution of informal settlements strategies in Egypt
Mc Gill,R, (1998), Urban management in developing countries.
Nazarian, Asghar, Hassan Sadin, Kaveh Zalnejad, Mahnaz Astaghami and. 2016 "Evaluation of economic, social and demographic factors of marginalization and informal settlement". Journal of Spatial Analysis of Environmental Hazards 3(in Persian).
Parda Raz Consulting Engineers (2017), development, construction and sphere of influence (comprehensive) plan of Yasouj city and surrounding area, Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, Department of Roads and Urban Development of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province(in Persian).
Rashidian, Alireza, Hejir al-Sadati, Haniyeh, Sheikh-Islami, Abbas, Ghorbani, Mahmoud. (2019). Conceptual model of factors affecting the reduction of crime in the suburbs of Mashhad. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 23(88), 113-154(in Persian).
Rostamzadeh, Yavor (2017) Organizing and empowering informal settlements in urban neighborhoods by examining the attitude of local residents; the research case of Bandar Abbas Tawhidshahr neighborhood, Urban Management Quarterly No. 28, Fall and Winter, pages 321-336(in Persian).
Saegert, Susan. Winkel. Gary. (1996). Paths to Community Empowerment: Organizing at home. American Journal of Community Psychology. Vol.24; NO.4.
Sarafi, Mozaffar (2013), Qonunshahr, research and educational monthly for urban planning and management, 6th year, number 66(in Persian).
Sediq Sarostani, Ruhollah (2013), study of factors affecting fear of crime in urban neighborhoods, study of a neighborhood in district 5 of Tehran, Journal: Social Issues of Iran (Khwarazmi University), number: summer 2011, period 3, number 1; Page 149 to page 176 (in Persian).
Shamae Ali, Ain Shahi Mirza Mohammad, Makan Javad (2013), investigation of factors and phenomena affecting the occurrence of crimes and social harms in metropolitan cities with an emphasis on marginal areas, Sepehr Geographical Information Journal, Volume and Number: Volume 21, Number 83, Autumn 2011 page 45-50 (in Persian).
Shamae Ali, Malekan Javad, Sadeghi Parisa (2013), Empowering strategies of urban fringe dwellers using QSPM technique, case study: Shahrek Shahdai Sanghar, Geographic Information Journal, Summer 2013, Volume 23, Number 90; From page 25 to page 40 (in Persian).
Shekoui, Hossein. (1993) Social Geography of Cities, Social Ecology of the City, Jihad University Press (in Persian).
UNESCAP (2001), Municipal and Management in Asia: A comparative study, In: United Nation Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the specific.
Zangiabadi, Ali and Omid Mobaraki. 2013. Investigation of factors affecting the formation of marginalization in Tabriz city and its consequences. Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning. Number 45(in Persian).
_||_