تأثیر وجود پناگاه زمستانی زنبورAnagrus atomus (Hym.: Mymaridae) بر میزان پارازیتیسم تخم زنجرک مو Arboridia kermanshah (Hem.: Cicadellidae)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی
شهرام حسامی
1
,
حسین سیدالاسلامی
2
,
بیژن حاتمی
3
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2 -
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کلید واژه: اصفهان, زنجرک مو, Arboridia kermanshah, Anagrus atomus, grape leafhopper, refugia, egg parasitoid, Lsfahan, پناهگاه, پارازیتوئید تخم,
چکیده مقاله :
زنبور Anagrus atomus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) پارازیتوئید تخم و از عوامل مهم مرگ و میر زنجرک مو Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) در تاکستانهای اصفهان است. در این مطالعه گیاهانی که زنبور روی آنها زمستانگذرانی می کند، پراکندگی پارازیتوئید و میزان پارازیتیسم تخم های زنجرک مو در دو تاکستان طی سالهای 1379 و 1380 بررسی گردید. زنبور A. atomus زمستان را درون تخمهای زنجرک گل سرخ روی رز، نسترن و تمشک به سر می برد. در یک تاکستان که در مجاورت خود میزبانهای زمستانگذران داشت، پارازیتوئید از دهه سوم اسفند از میزبان زمستانگذران خود خارج و یک نسل را در بهار روی آنها تکمیل کرد. از ابتدای اردیبهشت و همزمان با تخمگذاری زنجرک مو، این زنبورها وارد تاکستان شدند. الگوی تشکیل کلنی و پارازیتیسم زنبور نشان داد که پارازیتوئید در تاکستانی که در مجاورت خود میزبان زمستانگذران داشت فراوان تر بود و در اوایل فصل تراکم زنبور پارازیتوئید بیش از دو برابر تاکستانی بود که میزبان زمستانگذران در اطراف خود نداشت. در اواسط فصل میزان پارازیتیسم تخم زنجرک مو در تاکستان با محلهای زمستانگذران به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر بود. پارازیتیسم تجمعی مشخص کرد که افزایش پارازیتیسم در اوایل فصل منجر به افزایش تلفات تخم های زنجرک مو توسط زنبور پارازیتوئید تخم در طول فصل می گردد.
Anagrus atomus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is an egg parasitoid and an important mortality factor for the grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) populations in Isfahan vineyards. A study was conducted to characterize the plants in which A. atomus overwinters, dispersal of the parasitoid, and the level of parasitism of grape leafhopper eggs in two vineyards through 2000-2001. A. atomus overwinters in leafhopper eggs on rose, sweetbriar and blackberry. In a vineyard, with nearby overwintering refuges, the parasitoid emerged by mid-March from alternate hosts. It completed one generation on these alternate hosts, and then arrived in vineyard by late April, synchronized with grape leafhopper oviposition. The pattern of wasp colonization and parasitism indicated that parasitoids were more abundant in the vineyard with refuges close to it. In early spring, density of A. atomus was more than twice in this vineyard compared with vineyard with no refuges close to it. By mid season (July), A. atomus parasitism of A. kermanshah was significantly greater in the vineyard associated with refuges. Cumulative egg parasitism demonstrated that enhanced early season parasitism resulted in a better season-long increase in the mortality imposed by A. atomus on A. kermanshah eggs.
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