تاثیر هشت هفته تمرینات الاستیک، پلایومتریک و مقاومتی بر آمادگی حرکتی نوجوانان پسر کاراته کا
محورهای موضوعی : فعالیت بدنی و تندرستی
آسیه سید
1
,
ام البنین قاسمیان
2
*
1 - گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد بهبهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بهبهان، ایران
2 - گروه کلینیکال پاتولوژی دامپزشکی، واحد بهبهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بهبهان، ایران .
کلید واژه: تمرینات الاستیک, تمرینات پلایومتریک, تمرینات مقاومتی, آمادگی حرکتی, نوجوانان پسرکاراته کا,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: تمرینات مختلف ورزشی تاثیر بهینه ای بر فاکتورهای آمادگی حرکتی دارد، با اینحال، مطالعات کافی برای ارزیابی اثربخی تمرینات الاستیک، پلایومتریک و مقاومتی صورت نگرفته است. بنابراین، مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تاثیر این تمرینات بر آمادگی حرکتی نوجوانان پسر کاراته کا صورت گرفت. روش: این مطالعه نیمه تجربی روی 60 نوجوان پسر کاراته کای شهرستان رامهرمز طی سال 2017 صورت گرفت. نمونه مورد بررسی به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین الاستیک، پلایومتریک و مقاومتی به مدت هشت هفته (30نفر) و گروه کنترل (30نفر) تقسیم شدند. ابتدا پیش آزمون انجام شد و سپس گروه تمرین به مدت هشت هفته و هفته ای دو جلسه به تمرین پرداخت و در پایان دو گروه به لحاظ فاکتورهای سرعت، چابکی، استقامت عضلانی، استقامت قلبی-عروقی، قدرت اندام تحتانی و انعطاف پذیری مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج: داده‌های بدست آمده حاکی از آن بود که هشت هفته تمرین الاستیک، پلایومتریک و مقاومتی بر سرعت (0.005>P) چابکی (0.005>P)، انعطاف پذیری (0.005>P) و قدرت اندام تحتانی (0.005>P) اثر گذار بود. با این حال، هشت هفته تمرین الاستیک، پلایومتریک و مقاومتی بر استقامت عمومی عضلانی (0.12=P)، استقامت قلبی-عروقی (0.06=P) تاثیری نداشت. نتیجه گیری: در مجموع با توجه به یافته های پژوهش به نظر می رسد تمرین الاستیک، پلایومتریک و مقاومتی روشی مفید جهت ارتقاء فاکتورهای آمادگی حرکتی نوجوانان پسر کاراته کا باشد و می توان برای بهبود آمادگی حرکتی کاراته کاهای نوجوان از آن بهره گرفت.
َ Aim:Various types of exercises can optimally impact motor preparation factors. However, there have been insufficient studies evaluating the effectiveness of elastic, plastic, and resistance exercises. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of these exercises on the motor preparation of karate practitioners. Method: his semi-analytical study was conducted on 60 teenage boys in Ramhormoz in 2017. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: one group underwent eight weeks of elastic, plastic, and resistance exercises (30 people), and the other was a control group (30 people). Initial tests were performed, followed by eight weeks of training for the exercise group. At the end of the period, both groups were evaluated in terms of speed, agility, muscle endurance, cardiovascular endurance, lower extremity strength, and flexibility. Results: Data indicated that eight weeks of elastic, plastic, and resistance training effectively improved speed (P < 0.005), agility (P < 0.005), flexibility (P < 0.005), and lower extremity strength (P < 0.005). However, these exercises had no significant effect on general muscle endurance (P = 0.12) or cardiovascular endurance (P = 0.06). Conclusion: Overall, according to the research findings, elastic, plastic, and resistance exercises appear to be effective methods for enhancing the motor preparation factors of adolescent karate practitioners. These exercises can be used to improve the motor preparation of these individuals.
1. Altynova N, Talantseva V, editors. On improving the process of forming the physical readiness of future managers. First International Volga Region Conference on Economics, Humanities and Sports (FICEHS 2019); 2020: Atlantis Press.
2. Loturco I, Artioli GG, Kobal R, Gil S, Franchini E. Predicting punching acceleration from selected strength and power variables in elite karate athletes: a multiple regression analysis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2014;28(7):1826-32.
3. Margaritopoulos S, Theodorou A, Methenitis S, Zaras N, Donti O, Tsolakis C. The effect of plyometric exercises on repeated strength and power performance in elite karate athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2015;15(2):310.
4. Roschel H, Batista M, Monteiro R, Bertuzzi RC, Barroso R, Loturco I, et al. Association between neuromuscular tests and kumite performance on the Brazilian Karate National Team. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2009;8(CSSI3):20.
5. Krkeljas Z, Kovac D. Relationship between functional movement screen, athletic and karate performance in adolescents. Human Movement. 2021;22(2):16-21.
6. Katić R, Jukić J, Glavan I, Ivanišević S, Gudelj I. The impact of specific motoricity on karate performance in young karateka. Collegium antropologicum. 2009;33(1):123-30.
7. Pearcey G, Alizedah S, Power K, Button D. Chronic resistance training: is it time to rethink the time course of neural contributions to strength gain? European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2021;121:2413-22.
8. Sole CJ, Bellon CR, Beckham GK. Plyometric training. Advanced strength and conditioning: Routledge; 2022. p. 307-27.
9. Drouzas V, Katsikas C, Zafeiridis A, Jamurtas AZ, Bogdanis GC. Unilateral plyometric training is superior to volume-matched bilateral training for improving strength, speed and power of lower limbs in preadolescent soccer athletes. Journal of human kinetics. 2020;74(1):161-76.
10. Terzis G, Karampatsos G, Kyriazis T, Kavouras SA, Georgiadis G. Acute effects of countermovement jumping and sprinting on shot put performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2012;26(3):684-90.
11. Read PJ, Miller SC, Turner AN. The effects of postactivation potentiation on golf club head speed. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2013;27(6):1579-82.
12. Chen Z-R, Wang Y-H, Peng H-T, Yu C-F, Wang M-H. The acute effect of drop jump protocols with different volumes and recovery time on countermovement jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2013;27(1):154-8.
13. Donti O, Tsolakis C, Bogdanis GC. Effects of baseline levels of flexibility and vertical jump ability on performance following different volumes of static stretching and potentiating exercises in elite gymnasts. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2014;13(1):105.
14. Esformes JI, Bampouras TM. Effect of back squat depth on lower-body postactivation potentiation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2013;27(11):2997-3000.
15. Masamoto N, Larson R, Gates T, Faigenbaum A. Acute effects of plyometric exercise on maximum squat performance in male athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2003;17(1):68-71.
16. Liao C-D, Tsauo J-Y, Huang S-W, Ku J-W, Hsiao D-J, Liou T-H. Effects of elastic band exercise on lean mass and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific reports. 2018;8(1):2317.
17. Miarka B, Del Vecchio FB, Franchini E. Acute effects and postactivation potentiation in the special judo fitness test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2011;25(2):427-31.
18. Zafarmand O KO, Godazgar F. The effect of resistance training and plyometrics on the speed and agility of the third grade male students of Mosette city, Tahshadt. National conference of new achievements in physical education and sports. 2016;2.
19. Nikroo H, Barancheshme M, Azoore S. The comparison of the effects of combined selection of exercises and current sports activities on the improvement of physical fitness of soldiers during the training term of national service. 2014.
20. Slimani M, Chamari K, Miarka B, Del Vecchio FB, Chéour F. Effects of plyometric training on physical fitness in team sport athletes: a systematic review. Journal of human kinetics. 2016;53(1):231-47.
21. XV Z. The effect of 8 weeks of elastic training on motor readiness factors in gymnastic children. Master's thesis in physical education. : Arak University; 2013.
22. Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Keiper FB, Tevlin W, Ratamess NA, Kang J, et al. Effects of a short-term plyometric and resistance training program on fitness performance in boys age 12 to 15 years. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2007;6(4):519.
23. Bal BS, Kaur PJ, Singh D. Effects of a short term plyometric training program of agility in young basketball players. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity. 2011;5(4):271-8.
24. Zidashti Z, Kebria S. The effect of 8-week combined exercises along with consumption of Feroglobin supplement on some physical fitness factors in female athlete: an experimental study. 2015.
25. Correia GAF, Freitas Júnior CGd, Lira HAAdS, Oliveira SFMd, Santos WRd, Silva CKdFBd, et al. The effect of plyometric training on vertical jump performance in young basketball athletes. Journal of Physical Education. 2020;31:e3175.
26. Lum D, Barbosa TM, Aziz AR, Balasekaran G. Effects of isometric strength and plyometric training on running performance: a randomized controlled study. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 2023;94(1):263-71.
27. Morris SJ, Oliver JL, Pedley JS, Haff GG, Lloyd RS. Comparison of weightlifting, traditional resistance training and plyometrics on strength, power and speed: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports medicine. 2022;52(7):1533-54.
28. Kwak C-J, Kim YL, Lee SM. Effects of elastic-band resistance exercise on balance, mobility and gait function, flexibility and fall efficacy in elderly people. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016;28(11):3189-96.
29. Huanlu F NM, Beyzadeh M, Abdolsaleh R. Comparison of the effect of resistance and speed training on flexibility and muscle strength. Sports and biomotor sciences. 2010;2(3):10-20.
30. Arazi H, Damirchi A, Poulab E. The effect of seven weeks of combined (aerobic-resistance) training on blood levels of serotonin and dopamine and physical fitness factors of addicted men to methamphetamine during rehabilitation. Daneshvar Medicine. 2016;24(1):21-8.
31. Andrade MS, Silva WA, de Lira CA, Mascarin NC, Vancini RL, Nikolaidis PT, et al. Isokinetic muscular strength and aerobic physical fitness in recreational long-distance runners: a cross-sectional study. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2022;36(3):e73-e80.
32. Fekri Kourabbaslou V, Fakourian A, Heydarian M, Kashfi SM. The Effect of Six Weeks of Resistance Training with Active and Passive Rest with and without Blood Flow Restriction on C Reactive Protein, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Muscular Endurance of Young Men. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2021;24(5):646-61.
33. Whitehead MT, Scheett TP, McGuigan MR, Martin AV. A comparison of the effects of short-term plyometric and resistance training on lower-body muscular performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2018;32(10):2743-9.
34. Ramírez-delaCruz M, Bravo-Sánchez A, Esteban-García P, Jiménez F, Abián-Vicén J. Effects of plyometric training on lower body muscle architecture, tendon structure, stiffness and physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine-open. 2022;8(1):40.