اثر اعمال تیمارهای فیزیکی روی بذر گندم پاییزه رقم الوند بر شاخص استقرار گیاهچه، دوره رشد و عملکرد تحت شرایط کشتهای به موقع و تأخیری
محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کشاورزیبهرام میرشکاری 1 , رضا صیامی 2
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: استقرار گیاهچه, کشت تأخیری, کلروفیل, امواج اولتراسونیک,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر پیشتیمارهای فیزیکی بذر بر استقرار گیاهچه، دوره رشد و عملکرد گندم پاییزه رقم الوند در کشتهای به موقع و تأخیری بذرهای گندم با استفاده از اشعههای اولتراسونیک، لیزر، میدان مغناطیسی، گاما و بتا به مدت 5/3 و 5 دقیقه تیمار و در تاریخهای 5 و 25 مهر ماه کاشته شدند. تمامی پیش تیمارهای بذر در مقایسه با بذرهای شاهد، بهبود ضریب یکنواختی سبز کردن را به دنبال داشت. شاخص قدرت گیاهچه به طور معنیداری به انواع تیمارهای بذر پاسخ مثبتی نشان داد. اختلاف معنیداری از لحاظ زمان بین کاشت تا برداشت بین تیمارهای لیزر، گاما و بتا وجود نداشت. بذرهای گندم تحت تیمار با میدانهای مغناطیسی، امواج اولتراسونیک و کوتاه مدت اشعه گاما، از کلروفیل بیشتری در برگها برخوردار بودند. اختلاف معنیداری بین عملکردهای بذر حاصل از تاریخهای کاشت به موقع و تأخیری مشاهده نگردید و مقدار آن به طور متوسط از 334 گرم در مترمربع در شاهد تا 1/480 گرم در مترمربع در اشعههای لیزر، بتا و بلند مدت گاما در حال تغییر بود. از پیش تیمار فیزیکی بذر گندم با میدان مغناطیسی، امواج اولتراسونیک و کوتاه مدت اشعه گاما میتوان به طور مؤثر برای بهبود رشد گیاه و عملکرد آن به ویژه در کشت تأخیری استفاده کرد.
To investigate the effect of physical treatments on stand establishment, phenology and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Alvand)) under different sowing dates an experiment was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. The wheat seeds were treated by ultrasonic, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations for 3.5 and 5 min. and were sown on dates of 27th September and 17th October. All the seed priming treatments improved the coefficient of uniformity of emergence compared with non-primed seeds. Seedling vigor index responded positively and significantly to seed priming agents. There was no significant difference among laser, gamma and beta irradiations with a view to time from sowing to harvesting. Wheat seeds primed by magnetic fields, ultrasonic waves and lower exposure time of gamma irradiation had high chlorophyll in leaves. There is no significant difference between seed yields from sowing dates of 27th September and 17th October, and the yield ranged from 334 g.m-2 in average of control; laser and beta irradiations and higher exposure time of gamma up to 480.1 g.m-2 in other treatments. It is concluded from the study that wheat seed priming by magnetic fields, ultrasonic waves and lower exposure time of gamma irradiation can be effectively used to improve the crop performance and yield especially in late sown plants.
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