تامین مقادیر مختلف آب و کاربرد سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی چای ترش
محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کشاورزی
حلیمه پیری
1
(استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل)
کلید واژه: آنتوسیانین, بهره‌وری آب آبیاری, عملکرد خشک,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه تغییرالگویکاشتبهسمتاهمیت گیاهانمقاومبهکم‌آبیبرایمقابلهباخشکیمطرحشدهاست. یکی از این گیاهان مقاوم به خشکی گیاه چای ترش می‌باشد. در این تحقیق اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری، کود نیتروژن و کود پتاسیم بر چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت طرح کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده با چهار سطح آب آبیاری (I1، I2، I3 و I4 به ترتیب معادل25، 50، 75 و 100 % نیاز‌آبی‌گیاه) و سه سطح نیتروژن(N1، N2 وN3به ترتیب معادل 50، 75 و 100 % نیاز‌کودی نیتروژن) در کرت های فرعی و سه سطح پتاسیم(K1، K2 وK3به ترتیب معادل 50، 75 و 100 % نیاز‌کودی پتاسیم) در کرت های فرعی فرعی قرار گرفتند. صفات ارتفاع گیاه، وزن کپسول، عملکرد خشک، مقدار آنتوسیانین و بهره‌وری آب آبیاری مورد سنجش و اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد اثرات ساده آب آبیاری و کود پتاسیم در سطح احتمال یک و پنج درصد بر تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده و کود نیتروژن بر تمامی صفات به غیر از بهره‌وری آب آبیاری معنی‌دار گردید. بیشترین عملکرد از تیمارهای 100% مصرف کود و 100% نیاز آبی به دست آمد اما از این نظر بین تیمار 100 و 75% نیاز آبی تأثیر معنی‌دار مشاهده نشد. بیشترین بهره‌وری آب آبیاری در تیمار 75% نیاز آبی و 100% مصرف کود نیتروژن و پتاسیم به دست آمد اما از این نظر بین تیمارهای مختلف کود نیتروژن تفاوت معنی‌دار حاصل نشد. بنابراینباتوجهبهوضعیتآبمنطقهوکاهشمنابع آبیبه‌کاربردن75%نیازآبیباعث صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب می‌گردد بدون آن که تأثیر معنی‌دار در کاهش عملکرد داشته باشد. همچنین با توجه به شرایط آب و هوایی خشک منطقه سیستان استفاده از کود پتاسیم و نیتروژن می‌‌تواند باعث تعدیل خسارات ناشی از تنش خشکی در چای ترش شود.
Today, changing the pattern of planting towards water deficit resistant plants is proposed as a solution to drought. One of the plants resistant to drought is roselle. In this research, the effects of different levels of irrigation water, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on Roselle were investigated. The experiments were carried out in a split plot design with four levels of irrigation water depths (I1, I2, I3 and I4 with 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the plant water requirement respectively) and three levels of nitrogen (N1, N2 and N3 with 50, 75 and 100% nitrogen respectively) as a sub plots and three levels of potassium (K1, K2 and K3 respectively 50, 75 and 100% potassium) as subplots. At the end of the experiment, plant height, capsule weight, dry yield, anthocyanin content and irrigation water productivity were measured. The results of the experiment showed that the effects of irrigation water and potassium fertilizer were significant at 1% and 5% probability level on all measured parameters and nitrogen fertilizer on all parameters except for irrigation water productivity. The highest yield was obtained from 100% fertilizer application and 100% water requirement, but no significant effect was observed between treatment of 100 and 75% of water requirement. The highest irrigation water productivity was obtained in 75% water treatment and 100% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application, but no significant difference was found between different treatments of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, considering the status of the water in the area and the reduction of water resources, the use of 75% of the water requirement will save water consumption without having a significant effect on the reduction of yield. Also, due to dry weather conditions in Sistan province, the use of potassium and nitrogen fertilizer can alleviate the drought stress damages in Roselle.
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