تبیین اخلاق کار ایرانیان به مثابه نقشه راه بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت منابع انسانی
طاها عشایری
1
,
طاهره جهان پرور
2
,
سید کاظم کاظمی
3
1 - عضو هئیت علمی گروه تاریخ و جامعه‌شناسی دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، تبریز، ایران.
2 - دانشجوی دکترای جامعه شناسی فرهنگی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران.
3 - کارشناس ارشد رشته مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
کلید واژه: اعتماد اجتماعی, اخلاق کار, حکمرانی, مشارکت شغلی, روح جمعی,
چکیده مقاله :
اخلاق کار همان اخلاق شغلی، مسئولیت اخلاقی فرد از حیث شغلی در سازمان مربوطه است که دارای ویژگی‌هایی چون سخت‌کوشی، ارج نهادن به کار و تلاش، روحیه همکاری و مشارکت در کار، تعلق و تعهد به کار و وظایف شغلی، مسئولیت‌پذیری، صرفه‌جویی در بهره‌گیری از منابع، خلاقیت و ابتکار عمل داشتن، خودگردانی و تسلط به کار، نظم و دقت در کار، وقت‌شناسی و خوش‌قول بودن، درستکاری و پرهیز از تقلب و فریب و مفاسد اقتصادی است. جامعه ایرانی در مقایسه با جامعه جهانی، با مسائل اقتصادی، بی‌ثباتی، گرانی، تورم، فضای کسب وکار و شکاف طبقاتی مواجه است. این مسائل بیشتر به عوامل فرهنگی درونی از جمله اخلاق برمی‌گردد. مقاله حاضر درصدد مطالعه ریشه‌های عوامل مؤثر بر اخلاق کار در جامعه ایرانی است که با روش پیمایش انجام‌گرفته است. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل 38 مورد تحقیق می‌باشد که 21 مورد به روش تعمدی با رعایت اعتبار تحقیق و کیفیت نشر و نویسندگان انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که سطح اخلاق کار در سه سطح بالا (۳۱ درصد)، متوسط (۱۵ درصد) و پایین (۵۴ درصد) قرار دارد و به‌طورکلی سطح اخلاق کاری در ایران پایین است. همچنین، بین عوامل شغلی، روانی، دین‌داری، تعهد، سازمانی، حکمرانی، عدالت و سرمایه اجتماعی با اخلاق کار رابطه معناداری وجود دارد.
Work ethic is a person's moral responsibility in terms of job in the organization, which has characteristics such as: hard work, respect for work and effort, spirit of cooperation and participation in work, belonging and commitment to work and job duties, responsibility, saving resources, Creativity and initiative, self-control and mastery of work, order and accuracy in work, punctuality and cheerfulness, honesty and avoidance of fraud and economic corruption. Compared to the international community, Iranian society faces economic problems, instability, high prices, high inflation, and class divisions. These issues are mostly related to internal cultural factors such as ethics. The present article seeks to study the roots of the factors affecting work ethic in Iranian society, which has been done by survey method. The statistical population of the study includes 38 cases, 21 of which were deliberately selected by observing the validity of the research and the quality of the publication and the authors. The results of this study show that the level of work ethic is at three levels high (31%), medium (15%) and low (54%) and in general, the level of work ethic in Iran is low. Also, there is a significant relationship between job, psychological, religious, commitment, organizational, governance, justice and social capital factors with work ethic.
Abrun, F., Safiri, K., & Mirzaei, K. (2020). Sociological analysis of the role of comparative dissatisfaction in creating job idleness Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies 12(3). https://journals.srbiau.ac.ir/article_16098_0818aa57afa1a894520bd97d9cde8a2e.pdf (In Persian)
Aqsami, M. (2014). Investigating the mediating role of work ethic with organizational culture and teaching quality of high school teachers in Marvdasht Islamic Azad University]. Marvdasht Branch. (In Persian)
Aron, R. (1984). Basic stages of thought in sociology (B. Parham, Trans.). Islamic Revolution Education Publishing Organization., Tehran. (In Persian)
Azar, A., & Gheitasi, F. (2010). Ethics in Management Science. Ethics Quarterly in Science and Technology, 3(1 and 2), 61-70. (In Persian)
Chalabi, M. (1993). Social Consensus. Social Science Letter, 2(3), 15-28. (In Persian)
Cherington, D., J. (1980). The Work Ethic: Working Values and Value that Work. AMACOM, New York.
Daft, L. R., & Marcic, D. (2001). Understanding management (3 ed.). Harcourt.
Epstein, J. M., & Axtell, R. L. (1996). Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Farhoud, D. (2011). Ethics Education. Ethics Quarterly in Science and Technology, 6(3), 1-5. (In Persian)
Garavand, A., Moosivand, M., & Viseh, S. M. (2015). Examination of the Relationship between Social Capital and Job Performanceamong Professors of Lorestan Payame Noor University. Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 4(1), 38-63. (In Persian)
Ghasemi, F., & Taheripour, H. (2020). A comparative study of major labor market indicators between Iran and selected countries in 2011-2012. (In Persian)
Ghasemzadeh, A. Z., Taghi. , Mahdiuon, R., & Rezaee, A. (2014). Relation between Professional Ethics with Social Responsibility and Individual Accountability: Mediating Role of Serving Culture. Journal of Ethics in Scince and Technology, 9(2), 1. (In Persian)
Giveryan, H. (2005). Ethical Models and Theories in Organization and Management. Quarterly Journal of Administrative Transformation, 6(49), 127-148. (In Persian)
Hajizadeh Meymandi, M. (1998). Sociology of work. Institute of Labor and Social Security, Tehran. (In Persian)
Hashemi, S. K., & Khodamoradi, M. (2015). Ethics in Accounting and Auditing 5th National Conference and 3rd International Conference on Accounting and Management, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/451579 (In Persian)
Herman, S. (2002). How work Gains Meaning in Contractual Time: A Narrative Model for Reconstructing the Work Ethic. Journal of Business Ethics, 38(1/2), 65-79.
Hosseinzadeh, A. H., Nabavi, S. A., & Fazelipour, S. M. (2016). Investigating the Effect of Alienation from Work, Social Isolation and Deviant Behaviors on Work Ethic. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Contemporary Sociological Research, 5(8), 69-97. (In Persian)
Hosseinzadeh, J. (2020). Demographic window, human capital management and sustainable economic growth in the second step of the Islamic Revolution of Iran (Research Project Report, Issue. (In Persian)
Kamali, A., Mousavi Khameneh, M., & Azimi Safinsara, R. (2018). Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Social Capital and Work Ethics among Employees of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Quarterly Journal of Economic Sociology and Development, 6(2), 117-131. (In Persian)
Karoncke, K. A. (2006). Correlation between Faculty Satisfaction and Student Satisfaction in Higher Education Ohio state university].
Kazemi, A., Curious Monfared, A. R., Mahmoudi Meymand, M., & Curious Monfared, A. (2014). Analysis of Factors Affecting Organizational Ethics Using Structural Equation Modeling. Development Management Process, 27(4), 47-66. (In Persian)
Komari, N., & Djafar, F. (2013). Work Ethics, Work Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment at the Sharia Bank of Indonesia. International Business Research, 6(12), 107-117.
Miller, M. J., Woehr, D. J., & Hudspeth, N. (2001). The meaning and management of work ethic: construction and initial validation of a multidimensional inventory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 1-39.
Moeidfar, S. (2006). Work ethic and the factors affecting it among government employees. Social Welfare Research Quarterly, 6(23), 322-341. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Zavieh, S. A. (2015). Identifying the components of teaching ethics among professors of Mazandaran University Mazandaran University]. Department of Educational Sciences. (In Persian)
Najafi, M., Karimi, M., Qahramani Fard, A., & Rezvani, S. M. (2007). Investigating the Relationship between the Dimensions of Ethical Atmosphere and Job Satisfaction among the Employees of Education Departments of Isfahan. New Educational Approaches, 5(2), 21-22. (In Persian)
Naude, I. (2004). Factors impacting on ethical behaviour in organisations University of Pretoria.
Ness, R. K. V., Melinsky, K., Buff, C. L., & Seifert, C. F. (2010). Work Ethic: Do New Employees Mean New Work Values? . Journal of Managerial Issues, 22(1), 10-34. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25822513
Rajabzadeh, A. (1997). Values and weakness of work conscience in Iran. Research Letter, 2(5). (In Persian)
Rezamanesh, B., & Faqihi, A. (2005). Administrative Ethics. Quarterly Journal of Management Studies, 47, 25-50. (In Persian)
Sadrifer, E. (2007). A study of the familiarity of librarians of public libraries in Tehran with the ethics of professional librarianship [Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University]. Hamadan (In Persian)
Sajjadi, S. M., & Aliabadi, A. (2008). Explaining the theory of ethics in modern philosophy (Kant) and modern post (Foucault) and comparative critique of its implications for moral education. Education, 12(1), 137-164.
Salahdin, S. N., Alvi, M., N, P., Baharuddin, S., S, B., & Halimat, S., S, B. . (2016). The relationship between work ethic and job performance International Conference on Business and Economic.,
Sharifzadeh, H. S., Mir Mohammad Tabar, S. A., & Sohrabi, M. (2016). A meta-analysis of studies related to Islamic work ethic. Ethical Research, 6(4), 95-113. (In Persian)
Tabatabai, S. Z. (2012). Investigating the effect of the results of the organization's resource planning system on knowledge creation and job performance (Unilor Iran Company) Shahid Beheshti University]. Tehran. (In Persian)
Ünal, Ö. F. (2012). Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Ethical Climate: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction Dimensions (A Study in a Group of Companies in Turkey). Journal of WEI Business and Economics, 1(1), 95-105.
Van Ness, R. K., Melinsky, K., Buff, C. L., & Seifert, C. F. (2010). Work ethic: Do new employees mean new work values? Journal of Managerial Issues, 22(1), 10-34.
Vimba, M. C. J. E. C., & Ukpere, W. I. (2013). A Relationship between Leadership Work Ethic and Organisational Performance in the Public Sector. Journal Soc Sci, 35(2), 169-180.
Walker, W. E. (2009). Tational-style model-based policy analysis alread does the best practice of include ethical considerations? Omega, 37, 1051.
Woehr, D. j., Arciniega, L. M., & Doo, H. L. (2007). Examining Work Ethic Across Populations: A Comparison of the Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile Across Three Diverse Cultures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67(1), 154-168.
Yousefi, Z. (2013). The Relationship between Work Ethics and Performance Productivity of the Employees of Sports and Youth Departments of West Azerbaijan Province Based on Achio Model Department of Sports Management.
Zolfaghari, A., & Mohebbi, A. (2014). Types of religiosity and work ethic. Culture Strategy, 26, 148-177. (In Persian)
_||_Abrun, F., Safiri, K., & Mirzaei, K. (2020). Sociological analysis of the role of comparative dissatisfaction in creating job idleness Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies 12(3). https://journals.srbiau.ac.ir/article_16098_0818aa57afa1a894520bd97d9cde8a2e.pdf (In Persian)
Aqsami, M. (2014). Investigating the mediating role of work ethic with organizational culture and teaching quality of high school teachers in Marvdasht Islamic Azad University]. Marvdasht Branch. (In Persian)
Aron, R. (1984). Basic stages of thought in sociology (B. Parham, Trans.). Islamic Revolution Education Publishing Organization., Tehran. (In Persian)
Azar, A., & Gheitasi, F. (2010). Ethics in Management Science. Ethics Quarterly in Science and Technology, 3(1 and 2), 61-70. (In Persian)
Chalabi, M. (1993). Social Consensus. Social Science Letter, 2(3), 15-28. (In Persian)
Cherington, D., J. (1980). The Work Ethic: Working Values and Value that Work. AMACOM, New York.
Daft, L. R., & Marcic, D. (2001). Understanding management (3 ed.). Harcourt.
Epstein, J. M., & Axtell, R. L. (1996). Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Farhoud, D. (2011). Ethics Education. Ethics Quarterly in Science and Technology, 6(3), 1-5. (In Persian)
Garavand, A., Moosivand, M., & Viseh, S. M. (2015). Examination of the Relationship between Social Capital and Job Performanceamong Professors of Lorestan Payame Noor University. Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 4(1), 38-63. (In Persian)
Ghasemi, F., & Taheripour, H. (2020). A comparative study of major labor market indicators between Iran and selected countries in 2011-2012. (In Persian)
Ghasemzadeh, A. Z., Taghi. , Mahdiuon, R., & Rezaee, A. (2014). Relation between Professional Ethics with Social Responsibility and Individual Accountability: Mediating Role of Serving Culture. Journal of Ethics in Scince and Technology, 9(2), 1. (In Persian)
Giveryan, H. (2005). Ethical Models and Theories in Organization and Management. Quarterly Journal of Administrative Transformation, 6(49), 127-148. (In Persian)
Hajizadeh Meymandi, M. (1998). Sociology of work. Institute of Labor and Social Security, Tehran. (In Persian)
Hashemi, S. K., & Khodamoradi, M. (2015). Ethics in Accounting and Auditing 5th National Conference and 3rd International Conference on Accounting and Management, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/451579 (In Persian)
Herman, S. (2002). How work Gains Meaning in Contractual Time: A Narrative Model for Reconstructing the Work Ethic. Journal of Business Ethics, 38(1/2), 65-79.
Hosseinzadeh, A. H., Nabavi, S. A., & Fazelipour, S. M. (2016). Investigating the Effect of Alienation from Work, Social Isolation and Deviant Behaviors on Work Ethic. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Contemporary Sociological Research, 5(8), 69-97. (In Persian)
Hosseinzadeh, J. (2020). Demographic window, human capital management and sustainable economic growth in the second step of the Islamic Revolution of Iran (Research Project Report, Issue. (In Persian)
Kamali, A., Mousavi Khameneh, M., & Azimi Safinsara, R. (2018). Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Social Capital and Work Ethics among Employees of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Quarterly Journal of Economic Sociology and Development, 6(2), 117-131. (In Persian)
Karoncke, K. A. (2006). Correlation between Faculty Satisfaction and Student Satisfaction in Higher Education Ohio state university].
Kazemi, A., Curious Monfared, A. R., Mahmoudi Meymand, M., & Curious Monfared, A. (2014). Analysis of Factors Affecting Organizational Ethics Using Structural Equation Modeling. Development Management Process, 27(4), 47-66. (In Persian)
Komari, N., & Djafar, F. (2013). Work Ethics, Work Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment at the Sharia Bank of Indonesia. International Business Research, 6(12), 107-117.
Miller, M. J., Woehr, D. J., & Hudspeth, N. (2001). The meaning and management of work ethic: construction and initial validation of a multidimensional inventory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 1-39.
Moeidfar, S. (2006). Work ethic and the factors affecting it among government employees. Social Welfare Research Quarterly, 6(23), 322-341. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Zavieh, S. A. (2015). Identifying the components of teaching ethics among professors of Mazandaran University Mazandaran University]. Department of Educational Sciences. (In Persian)
Najafi, M., Karimi, M., Qahramani Fard, A., & Rezvani, S. M. (2007). Investigating the Relationship between the Dimensions of Ethical Atmosphere and Job Satisfaction among the Employees of Education Departments of Isfahan. New Educational Approaches, 5(2), 21-22. (In Persian)
Naude, I. (2004). Factors impacting on ethical behaviour in organisations University of Pretoria.
Ness, R. K. V., Melinsky, K., Buff, C. L., & Seifert, C. F. (2010). Work Ethic: Do New Employees Mean New Work Values? . Journal of Managerial Issues, 22(1), 10-34. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25822513
Rajabzadeh, A. (1997). Values and weakness of work conscience in Iran. Research Letter, 2(5). (In Persian)
Rezamanesh, B., & Faqihi, A. (2005). Administrative Ethics. Quarterly Journal of Management Studies, 47, 25-50. (In Persian)
Sadrifer, E. (2007). A study of the familiarity of librarians of public libraries in Tehran with the ethics of professional librarianship [Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University]. Hamadan (In Persian)
Sajjadi, S. M., & Aliabadi, A. (2008). Explaining the theory of ethics in modern philosophy (Kant) and modern post (Foucault) and comparative critique of its implications for moral education. Education, 12(1), 137-164.
Salahdin, S. N., Alvi, M., N, P., Baharuddin, S., S, B., & Halimat, S., S, B. . (2016). The relationship between work ethic and job performance International Conference on Business and Economic.,
Sharifzadeh, H. S., Mir Mohammad Tabar, S. A., & Sohrabi, M. (2016). A meta-analysis of studies related to Islamic work ethic. Ethical Research, 6(4), 95-113. (In Persian)
Tabatabai, S. Z. (2012). Investigating the effect of the results of the organization's resource planning system on knowledge creation and job performance (Unilor Iran Company) Shahid Beheshti University]. Tehran. (In Persian)
Ünal, Ö. F. (2012). Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Ethical Climate: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction Dimensions (A Study in a Group of Companies in Turkey). Journal of WEI Business and Economics, 1(1), 95-105.
Van Ness, R. K., Melinsky, K., Buff, C. L., & Seifert, C. F. (2010). Work ethic: Do new employees mean new work values? Journal of Managerial Issues, 22(1), 10-34.
Vimba, M. C. J. E. C., & Ukpere, W. I. (2013). A Relationship between Leadership Work Ethic and Organisational Performance in the Public Sector. Journal Soc Sci, 35(2), 169-180.
Walker, W. E. (2009). Tational-style model-based policy analysis alread does the best practice of include ethical considerations? Omega, 37, 1051.
Woehr, D. j., Arciniega, L. M., & Doo, H. L. (2007). Examining Work Ethic Across Populations: A Comparison of the Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile Across Three Diverse Cultures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67(1), 154-168.
Yousefi, Z. (2013). The Relationship between Work Ethics and Performance Productivity of the Employees of Sports and Youth Departments of West Azerbaijan Province Based on Achio Model Department of Sports Management.
Zolfaghari, A., & Mohebbi, A. (2014). Types of religiosity and work ethic. Culture Strategy, 26, 148-177. (In Persian)