مطالعه دلفی درباره عوامل کالبدی موثر بر ارتقا هوش هیجانی کودکان در محیط¬های پیش دبستانی
محورهای موضوعی : معمار شهرمریم عبداللهی 1 * , محسن فیضی 2 * , سیده مرضیه طبائیان 3 , حسین اسکندری 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، گروه معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.
2 - استاد تمام دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان) اصفهان، ایران
4 - گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: هوش هیجانی, عوامل کالبدی, محیط پیش دبستانی, متخصصین, روش دلفی ,
چکیده مقاله :
با وجود تاثیرات شناخته‌شده‌ی هوش هیجانی در رشد اجتماعی و عاطفی کودکان، تاکنون پژوهش‌های اندکی به بررسی تأثیر ویژگی‌های کالبدی محیط‌های پیش‌دبستانی بر این موضوع پرداخته‌اند. کمبود استانداردهای طراحی مناسب مانع از رشد بهینه‌ی هوش هیجانی کودکان شده و تأثیرات منفی در پی دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل کالبدی مؤثر بر ارتقاء هوش هیجانی کودکان در محیط‌های پیش‌دبستانی انجام شده است. اهمیت هوش هیجانی ایجاب می‌کند که طراحی محیط‌های آموزشی این قابلیت‌ها را تقویت نماید. این پژوهش به روش پیمایشی و با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی در چند گام انجام شده است. روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پس از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی، پرسش‌نامه‌ی محقق‌ساخته‌ای است که مؤلفه‌های کالبدی مؤثر بر هوش هیجانی کودکان را مورد مطالعه قرار می‌دهد. جامعه‌ی آماری پژوهش، 22 نفر از متخصصان حوزه معماری و روانشناسی محیط هستند. روش نمونه گیری گلوله‌برفی میباشد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از تکنیک کدگذاری باز و محوری و تشکیل جدول هدف-محتوا، پرسش‌نامه‌ی محقق‌ساخته در قالب ۴۹ گویه شکل گرفته و توسط متخصصان تکمیل گردیده است. در نهایت، نتایج به روش تحلیل عاملی کیو استخراج شده و فرایند تأثیر مؤلفه‌ها بر متغیرهای پژوهش مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، تاثیرگذارترین عوامل بر هوش هیجانی کودکان از دیدگاه متخصصان در هفت گروه: هدایت بصری و خوانایی محیط، غنای حسی در محیط طبیعی، فضاهای آموزشی تعامل‌پذیر، فضای بازی، تنوع و انعطاف‌پذیری محیط، ارتباط درون و بیرون، آسایش روانی و فیزیکی جای گرفتند که طراحی محیط‌های پیش‌دبستانی با در نظر گرفتن این عوامل می‌تواند موجب بهبود هوش هیجانی کودکان شود.
Despite the well-established impact of emotional intelligence on children's social and emotional development, limited research has examined the influence of the physical characteristics of preschool environments on this aspect. The lack of appropriate design standards hinders the optimal growth of children's emotional intelligence and leads to negative consequences. This study aims to identify the physical factors that contribute to enhancing children's emotional intelligence in preschool environments. The significance of emotional intelligence necessitates designing educational spaces that strengthen these capabilities. The research was conducted using a survey method and the Delphi technique in multiple stages. Data collection, following a comprehensive literature and document review, involved a researcher-developed questionnaire examining the physical components affecting children's emotional intelligence. The study’s statistical population consisted of 22 experts in the fields of architecture and environmental psychology, selected through a snowball sampling method. Using open and axial coding techniques and a goal-content table, a 49-item researcher-designed questionnaire was developed and completed by experts. The data were analyzed through Q-factor analysis to examine the impact of various components on the study variables. Based on the findings, the most influential factors on children's emotional intelligence, according to experts, were categorized into seven groups: visual guidance and environmental legibility, sensory enrichment in natural settings, interactive learning spaces, play areas, environmental diversity and flexibility, indoor-outdoor connectivity, and psychological and physical comfort. Designing preschool environments with these factors in mind can significantly enhance children's emotional intelligence.
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