اولویت بندی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه مشاغل خانگی زنان روستایی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

حسین آگهی ¹ (دانشیار و عضوهیئت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه)
علی اصغر میرک زاده ² (استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه)
معصومه تقی بیگی ³ (کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/09/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1391/07/01

کلید واژه: اشتغال, زنان روستایی, مشاغل خانگی, عوامل مؤثر, کارآفرینی روستا,

چکیده مقاله :

این پژوهش کاربردی باهدف بررسی متغیرهای مؤثربرتوسعه مشاغل خانگی ازدیدگاه زنان روستایی در شهرستان اسلام آباد غرب و کارشناسان، با روش توصیفی - پیمایشی در سال 90 انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل15000زن روستایی و50 کارشناس صاحبنظر در زمینه مشاغل خانگی می باشد، حجم نمونه براساس جدول مورگان 375 نفرزن روستایی و 50 نفرکارشناس تعیین گردیده است. روایی پرسشنامه به روش اعتبار محتوا و پایایی آن با روش آلفای کرونباخ(72/.)تأیید شد، روش نمونه گیری به صورت طبقه ای با انتساب متناسب بودکه در دو مرحله انجام شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهند که مهم‌ترین متغیرهایی که باعث توسعه مشاغل خانگی می‌شود از دید زنان: داشتن مهارت، تخصص و تجربه، انگیزه ی کسب استقلال بیش‌تر، معرفی و دیدار با الگوها و افراد موفق است، اما مهم‌ترین این متغیرها ازدیدکارشناسان: برگزاری کلاس های آموزشی، برطرف نمودن نیاز مالی زنان، ایجاد بازار محلی برای فروش محصولات است. هم‌چنین، نتایج نشان می‌دهد: بین سطح تحصیلات و عضویت در تشکل ها با ایجاد و توسعه شغل خانگی توسط زنان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد.  

چکیده انگلیسی:

The objective of this applied research is to study the variables that affect development of household jobs from rural women and to provide expert perspective on the data. The methodology of this research was a descriptive survey which was conducted in 2011. The statistical population of this study consisted of 15000 rural women and 50 expert officer of household jobs. Sample size was determined by Morgan table n=375 rural women and 50 expert officers. 300 questionnaires were complete and analyzed. The sampling method employed was proportional stratified sampling, which was conducted in two phases. Confirmation of validity of the method was obtained by content validity while reliability was measured by Chronbach’s alpha coeffient (0/72). Findings showed that the most important variables that affect development of household jobs, from women’s perspectives include: skills, expertise and experience, motivation to obtain more independence, and introduction to and meeting with mentors. However, the most important variables from the experts’ perspectives are: conducting educational classes, meeting the financial needs of women and creating a local market in which to sell products. Additionally, findings of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between women’s educational level, as well as their membership in cooperatives, and the entrepreneurship of household jobs in rural areas.  

منابع و مأخذ:

1- Alison, j. (2000). Four concept of feminism,Bulletin reference tr- anslated

by omidi Tehran hoda International publications.

2- Brown, M. (1994). humandevelopmentreport,published for the u-nited

nations development program (undp).

3- Brockaus, R. H. & Horwitz, P.S. (1986). Thepsychologyofthe entrep- reneur

indl.sexton and R.W. Smilor. (eds). The art and science of Entrepreneurship,

ballingpublishing, Cambridge.

4- Brush, Bruin & Welter. (2006). introduction to the special issue toward

building womens Entreprenearship. Entrepreneurship,

Theory&practice.paris.OECD.

5- Baradaran Nasiry, M. (2011). Creation consideation to womenho-use

business-es,Accessable in this site:www.jame jame online.ir/ ewsext.aspx.(-

persian).

6- Brush. G. &Hisrich, .R.D. (2002). women-owend businesses.Anexp- loratory

study comparing factors affecting performance.Rise business Reasearch

Institute for small&emerging Business.New York;Praeger.PP.117-220.

7- Cooper, R. & Goby, V.P. (1999). Famale business owner Singapore and else

where: areview of studies, Journal of small business man- agement, 37. 

8- Dadvarkhani, F. (1997). Rural development and women emplo- yment and

women employment challenges.Googrephical resear-chas, No55, Spering 2007,

PP171-188(Persian).

9- Finmark, T. (2006). Home basead Entrepreneurs, From:wwwFi-nmark.org.za

fong A,chan j.and corpcom services(2000).working in home:Aguidebook for

working women and homemakers,corpc- omservices sdn. Bhdpubilication:

Singapore.10.

10- Fry, F. (1993). Entrepreneurship: Approach Engle woodcliffs:p rentice

Hall.P142-159.

11- Fiesk, M.H. Berger, J. Norman, R.Z. (1995). Evaluation and the of

Expection, American journal of sociology, Formation V.101(no- vember.

12- Gilmore, A. Carson, D. & Odwa. (2009). innovative marketing in S-MEs,

Europea journal of Marketing, 43(1/2)42-63.

13- Gatton, Debra, S. (1999). The Effects of organizational Context

Occupational Gender Stereotyping, Sex Roles: Ajournal of on Re-search.

14- Golrod, P. (2010). Family and solution developing entrepreneurship of

women, womenstudy,7Th,volumeno21,summer. (2010), pages (13 1-149).

15- Hisrich. R.D. & Brush, P.C. (1988). Women Entrepreneurs,Probl-ems and

opportunies,In: s.rose and L.larwood. Womens careers, path ways and

pitfalls.newyork:praeger.pp.190-210.

16- Hurley, A. (1999). Incorporating Feminist Theories in to soci- ological

theories of entrepreneurship,women in management Re- view,(14)(2).

17- Hashemy, F. (2003). Review of employment in small industry iniran,

journal sandpolitical strategies, no31, spring 1381. (Persian).

18- Jellodar, F. Rabi, S. J. Hosseini, F. Hosseini, S.M. (2008). Factors

influencing rural women’s Entrepreneurship Success in the North of Iran, Rural

Scientific Reserch Quarterly and improveme- nt, 10th

years,No.4,Winter.(Persian).

19- Khandker, R.S. (2006). Determinants of womens time allocatio-n in Rural

Bangladesh, Economic Development and cultural change,5:240-265.

20- Khonifar, H. Ahmadi, H. & Zamanifar, M. (2011). Motivation and

Population Study Factors in Home Entrepreneurship,First com-mission of

national development home businesses,Challenges solu- tion of national

development home businesses,challenges soluation, Tehran (2010).

21- Martin, D.M. (1991). The entrepreneurial marketing mix,inter-national

journal,12(4),391-403.

22- Morkovsky, B., Smith, L. R. F. and Berger, J. (1984). Dostatus interventions

persis? American Sociological,Review,V.46(june1984).

23- Mavalizadeh, M.R. (2011). Organizer plan to support home bu- sinesses in

the field of employment expand,First national conference fexpanding home

jobs,challenger,solutions,Tehran(2010). 

24- Pishgahifard, Z. & Poolab, O.M. (2011). Future study of women employment

in middle east, concentrateto iran position, women study, 7Th volum,

no 3 ,Fall 1388,page 89-106. (Persian).

25- Roberts, lP.(1998).Home based Entrepreneurs,None-Home- based

Entrepreneurs and white-collar,Faculty of manadement ,Calgary,Alberta.

26- Roodgarnezhad,F.kiya-kajory,K.(2010).Challenges and barriers ofhome

businesses development, first commission of national developmenthomebusinesses,challengessolution.Tehran(2010)(Persian).

 

27- Tipple, G. (2006). Employpment and work conditions in home based

enterprises in four developing.countries, work employment and society.volume

20(1):165-185.

28- Varzgar, Sh. Azizbabaee, M.A. (1998). The study of women coop- eration

force in rural area, for cotton production and effective factor, collection Articles

of women conference cooperation, agric- ulture, 1400, Tehran, The institutions

of planning and agricultural e- conomy. (Persian).

29- Walker.E, Webster.B, (2003). Gender issues in home-Based Businesses,women

in Management Review volume 19,pp.404-412. .

30- Walter, P. (2006). introduction to the special issue toward buil- ding

womensEntreprenearship,:Theory&practice ,paris.OEC.

31- Zamani, Z. (2010). Women effectiveness on familys life,universal

organized information and employment, Accessable in This site:

Http;/www.portal.ir. (Persian).