بررسی مقایسه‌ای بهزیستی روانشناختی و دلزدگی زناشویی و ابعاد آنها در زنان شاغل و غیر شاغل
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
رضا بابائی گیوی
1
,
علی‌محمد نظری
2
,
فرشاد محسن زاده
3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته مشاوره خانواده، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 - دانشیار در رشته مشاوره دانشگاه خوارزمی
3 - استادیار در رشته مشاوره دانشگاه خوارزمی
کلید واژه: زنان شاغل, زنان غیر شاغل, بهزیستی روانشناختی, دلزدگی زناشویی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: با توجه به حضور روزافزون زنان در عرصه اجتماع و اهمیت سلامت روانی آنها و ارتباط آن بازندگی زناشویی، این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه بهزیستی روانشناختی و دلزدگی زناشویی زنان شاغل و غیر شاغل در سال 1393 انجام‌شده است. روش: به همین منظور تعداد 175 نفر از معلمان ابتدائی شاغل در مدارس شهر کرج و 175 نفر زنان خانه‌دار شهر کرج به‌صورت خوشه‌ای و تصادفی انتخاب‌شده است. سپس آنان با استفاده از پرسشنامه بهزیستی روانشناختی ریف و دلزدگی زناشویی پاینز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. پس از جمعآوری داده‌ها از روش‌های آمار توصیفی و آزمون تی مستقل برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: تحلیلهای آماری گویای آن بود که زنان شاغل بهزیستی روانشناختی بالاتری برخورداربودند (p<0/01)؛ ولی در دلزدگی زناشویی این تفاوت در زنان خانه دار بیشتر بود (p<0/05). همچنین زنان شاغل در همه مولفههای بهزیستی روانشناختی به غیر از مولفههای رشد شخصی و خود مختاری از زنان خانه دار وضعیت بهتری داشتند. مقایسه ابعاد دلزدگی زناشویی نشان داد زنان شاغل فقط در بعد دلزدگی روانی تفاوت معنی داری با زنان خانه دار داشتند و در ابعاد دیگر تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو گروه وجود نداشت. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد اگر شغل دارای ویژگی منفی مثل ساعات کاری طولانی و استرس و فشارهای زیاد نباشد تأثیرات مثبتی بر بهزیستی روانشناختی زنان دارد. از سوی دیگر اشتغال باعث خستگی و دلزدگی زناشویی بیشتری در زنان شاغل نشده بود، لذا فراهم نمودن زمینه‌های مشارکت اجتماعی و اشتغال‌زائی متناسب با شأن زنان در تأمین بهزیستی آنان مؤثر است.
Due to the increasing presence of women in society and the importance of mental health and its relationship to marriage, the study aims to compare the psychological well-being and marital burnout among employed and unemployed women in 2014. The sample size randomly selected by cluster included 175 primary teachers working at schools of Karaj and 175 homemakers. Then the psychological well-being and marital burnout were assessed by means of questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and independent t-test. Statistical Analysis revealed a significant difference between employed and unemployed women's psychological well-being and couple burnout, so that working women had higher psychological well-being (p<0/01), but the difference in couple Burnout was more among homemakers (p<0/05). In addition, psychological well-being of women employed in all components except the components of personal growth and autonomy was better than psychological well-being of homemakers. The comparison of marital burnout showed women working only in the mental burnout had significant differences with homemakers and there was no significant difference between the two groups in other dimensions. It seems that negative characteristics of a job such as long working hours and stress do not have significant effect on the psychological well-being of women. On the other hand, employment was not a significant cause for couple fatigue and burnout among employed women. Therefore, providing facilities for social participation and job creation commensurate with the status of women would be effective in their well-being.
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