خودکارآمدی ورزشی زنان مبتنی بر حمایت اجتماعی و وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی (متغیر میانجی انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی)

محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعه

محمدحسن فردوسی ¹ , بهرام نیک بخش ² , سودابه زبرجد ³

1 - استادیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/11/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/05/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01

کلید واژه: حمایت اجتماعی, خودکارآمدی ورزشی, وضعیت اجتماعی اقتصادی, انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه: زن، در طول تاریخ فرصت کافی پیدا نکرده تا شایستگی خود را برای مشارکت فعّال در ورزش به اثبات برساند. هدف از این تحقیق تدوین الگویی برای خودکارآمدی ورزشی مبتنی بر حمایت اجتماعی و وضعیت اجتماعی اقتصادی با متغیر میانجی انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی در زنان بود.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی بوده و از لحاظ هدف یک تحقیق کاربردی است. جامعه پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه زنان ورزشکار متأهل و یا حداقل یک‌بار ازدواج‌کرده شهر تهران بود که نمونه مورد مطالعه به حجم 384 نفر(طبق فرمول کوکران) با به‌کارگیری روش نمونه‎گیری خوشه‎ای چندمرحله‌ای برآورد شد. در این پژوهش از پرسشنامه‌های خودکارآمدی ورزشی کرل و همکاران(2007)، حمایت اجتماعی فیلیپس(1986)، وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی قدرت‌نما(1392) و انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی هونگ‌یونگ‌لین(2010) استفاده شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از الگویابی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار AMOS/18 استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد، متغیرهای حمایت اجتماعی و وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی اثر مستقیم بر متغیر میانجی انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی در زنان ورزشکار دارند. امّا متغیر وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی اثر مستقیم بر خودکارآمدی ورزشی در زنان ورزشکار ندارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس مدل ذکر شده جامعه و دولت، در راستای حمایت همه‌جانبه باید از طریق فرهنگسراهای شهرداری، پارک‌ها، فضاهای سبز و کلوپ‌های ورزشی شرایطی را فراهم کنند که زنان جامعه با هر درآمد و جایگاه اجتماعی بتوانند به فعالیت‌های بدنی و شناخت ظرفیّت‌های خود بپردازند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: Throughout history, women have not had enough time to prove their worthiness for active participation in sports. The aim of this study was to develop a model for sport self-efficacy based on social support and socioeconomic status considering the mediating variable of motivation for sports participation in women, which constitutes a broad and effective part of the country.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive-survey research and in terms of purpose it is an applied research. The study population consisted of all married or at least one-time married female athletes in Tehran, the sample consisted of 384 (according Cochran formula) using multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of Curl et al.'s Sports Self-Efficacy (2007), Phillips Social Support (1986), Ghodrat Nama.’s Socioeconomic Status (1392) and Hong Yong lin.’s Sports Participation Motivation Questionnaire (2010). Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model using AMOS/18 software.
Results: The results showed that social support and socioeconomic status have a direct effect on the mediating variable of sport participation motivation in female athletes. However, socioeconomic status variable has no direct effect on sport self-efficacy in female athletes.
Conclusion: The community and the government, in order to provide comprehensive support through municipal cultural centers, parks, green spaces and sports clubs, should provide conditions for women in the community with any income and social status to engage in physical activities and recognition of their capacities.

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