مدل علی اختلال خوردن براساس خودشیء انگاری، اجتناب تجربه ای و کمال گرایی با نقش واسطه ای نگرانی از تصویر بدنی در جامعه زنان دارای اضافه وزن

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

معصومه کارخانه ای ¹ , حمزه احمدیان ² , امید مرادی ³ , کیومرث کریمی ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه روان شناسی، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج ، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه روان شناسی، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه مشاوره، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه روان شناسی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/05/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01

کلید واژه: اختلال خوردن, خودشیء انگاری, اجتناب تجربه ای, کمال گرایی, نگرانی از تصویر بدنی,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده
هدف: اضافه وزن تحت تاثیر عوامل بیولوژیکی و ژنتیکی قرار دارد. یکی از متغیرهایی که با اضافه وزن در ارتباط می باشد، اختلال خوردن است. این مطالعه با هدف مدل علی اختلال خوردن براساس خودشیء انگاری، اجتناب تجربه ای و کمال گرایی با نقش واسطه ای نگرانی از تصویر بدنی در  جامعه زنان دارای اضافه وزن انجام شد.
روش­: مطالعه­ی حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل زنان دارای اضافه وزن با شاخص توده ی بدنی (28BMI≥) شهرستان کنگاور بود که در سال 1398به باشگاه های ورزشی و مراکز بهداشت مراجعه کرده بودند. تعداد 450 نفر با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش مقیاس­های استاندارد اختلالات خوردن (EDDS)، خودشیء انگاری (SO)، پذیرش و عمل (AAQ-II) و کمال گرایی چند بعدی تهران (TMPS) بود. برای تحلیل داده­ها از آزمون مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم افزارهایSPSS  و Amos استفاده ‌شد.
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که کمال­گرایی، اجتناب تجربه­ای و خودشیء انگاری متغیرهای برونزادی هستند که هم به صورت مستقیم و هم غیرمستقیم بر متغیر درونزاد اختلال خوردن اثر می­گذارند و اثر سایر متغیرهای برونزاد بر متغیر درونزاد خوردن فقط به شکل مستقیم است. همچنین، متغیر میانجی در ارتباط بین متغیرهای پیش بین و ملاک دارای اثر جزئی معنی دار می­باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: خودشیء انگاری، اجتناب تجربه ای و کمال گرایی می­تواند پیش بینی مناسبی برای اختلال خوردن در زنان از طریق نگرانی از تصویر بدنی در آنها باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract Introduction:  Overweight are affected by biological and genetic factors. One of the variables associated with being overweight is eating disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal model of eating disorder based on self-objectification, experiential avoidance and perfectionism with the mediating role of body image concern in the community of overweight women. Methods: The peresent study was descriptive correlation. The statistical population included overweight women with body mass index (BMI≥28) of Kangavar city in 2019, they had referred to sports clubs and health centers. 450 people were selected by available sampling method. Standard Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale (EDDS); Self-reported (SO); Acceptance and Action (AAQ-II); Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism (TMPS). Structural Equation Modeling and Spss and Amos software were used to analyze the data. Findings: Indicated that perfectionism, experiential avoidance, and self-objectification are exogenous variables that affect on the endogenous variable of eating disorder, both directly and indirectly. And the effect of other exogenous variables on the endogenous variable of eating disorder is only direct. Also, the mediating variable in the relationship between predictor and criterion variables has a significant partial effect. Conclusion: Self-objectification, experiential avoidance and perfectionism can be a good predictor of eating disorder in women through concern about their body image.  

منابع و مأخذ:

1.       Rizzuto, D., & Fratiglioni, L. (2014). Lifestyle factors related to mortality and survival: a mini-review. Gerontology, 60(4), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1159/000356771.

2.       Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), 806-814. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.732.

3.       Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Calogero, R. M., Menzel, J. E., Krawczyk, R., & Thompson, J. K. (2018). Self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating: Testing a core mediational model of objectification theory among White, Black, and Hispanic women. Body image, 24, 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.10.005.

4.       Smith, A. R., Zuromski, K. L., & Dodd, D. R. (2018). Eating disorders and suicidality: what we know, what we don’t know, and suggestions for future research. Current opinion in psychology, 22, 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.023.

5.       Koleoso, O. N., Akanni, O. O., & James, J. O. (2018). Body Image Objectification and Disordered Eating Attitudes Among Secondary School Students of South-West Nigeria. International Journal of School Health, 5(2), 1-5. Doi: 10.5812/intjsh.66891.

6.       Duarte, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Stubbs, R. J. (2017). The prospective associations between bullying experiences, body image shame and disordered eating in a sample of adolescent girls. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.003.

7.       Pona, A. A., Heinberg, L. J., Lavery, M., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Rish, J. M. (2016). Psychological predictors of body image concerns 3 months after bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 12(1), 188-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.

8.       Brown, A., Rance, J., & Warren, L. (2015). Body image concerns during pregnancy are associated with a shorter breast feeding duration. Midwifery, 31(1), 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2014.06.003.

9.       Brignardello-Petersen, R. (2017). Adolescents with body image concerns and a propensity for somatization reported more frequent temporomandibular joint clicking. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 148(8), e123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joor.12514.

10.   Schuck, K., Munsch, S., & Schneider, S. (2018). Body image perceptions and symptoms of disturbed eating behavior among children and adolescents in Germany. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 12(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-018-0216-5.

11.   Swami, V. (2017). Negative body image and eating disorder symptomatology among young women identifying with goth subculture. Body image, 21, 30-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.02.001.

12.   SeyyedSalehi, S. F., & DashtBozorgi, Z. (2018). The Relationship between Personality Characteristics, Body Image Concern and Alexithymia with Eating Disorder of Nursing Students. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 13(4), 1-8.

13.   Mohagheghi, H., Farhadi, M.,& Nabizadeh, S.(2017). perfectionism and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 11(45),37-46.

14.   Safarzadeh, S., & Marashian, F. (2014). The Relationship Between Body Image Concen, Self-Concept, Self-Esteem with Eating Disorders in Female Students of Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch. Scientific Research Quarterly of Woman and Culture, 6(19), 73-9.

15.   Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of women quarterly, 21(2), 173-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x.

16.   Mehak, A., Friedman, A., & Cassin, S. E. (2018). Self-objectification, weight bias internalization, and binge eating in young women: testing a mediational model. Body image, 24, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.01.002.

17.   Yarollahi, N. A., & Shairi, M. R. (2018). Investigation the role of experiential avoidance on anticipation general health in non-clinical samples. Shenakht journal of psychology & psychiatry, 5(3), 1-11. Doi: ‎ 10.29252/shenakht.5.3.1.

18.   Ferreira, C., Palmeira, L., Trindade, I. A., & Catarino, F. (2015). When thought suppression backfires: its moderator effect on eating psychopathology. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 20(3), 355-362.

19.   Kachooei, M., Ashrafi, E., Momeni Rouchi, M., Hosseinpour, A., & Hafezi, P. (2019). Prediction of eating disorder symptoms among female students based on experiential avoidance and mindfulness. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity-Tehran Medical Branch, 29(1), 92-99.

20.   Golmohammadian, M., Morovati, F., & Rashidi, A. (2018). To predict the concern of body image based on mindfulness, experiential avoidance and metacognition beliefs in high school students. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot, 6(2), 168-178.

21.   Makvandi , B. (2017). The Relationship between Experimental Avoidance and Eating Disorders among Students of Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Science. Journal of Jundishapour Medical Science, 14(6), 682-689.

22.   Khodabakhsh, M. R., & Kiani, F. (2015). The Role of Perfectionism and Its’ Dimensions in Predicting Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Students. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 3(1), 69-77.

23.   Julie Prud’homme, B.A.(2017). Perfectionism and daily emotion and well-being: An experience sampling study. Master of science in psychiatry thesis, McGill university.

24.   Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of personality and social psychology, 60(3), 456. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456.

25.   Blakey, S. M., Reuman, L., Buchholz, J. L., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2017). Experiential avoidance and dysfunctional beliefs in the prediction of body image disturbance in a nonclinical sample of women. Body image, 22, 72-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.

26.   Rezaei, M., Aflakseir, A., Mohammadi, N., Yavari, A. H., & Ghayour, M. (2015). Study of the perfectionism role and Body Mass Index in prediction of eating disorders with mediating the role of body dissatisfaction among female students of university. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 14(3), 223-234.

27.   Stice, E., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., Hayward, C., & Taylor, C. B. (1999). Naturalistic weight-reduction efforts prospectively predict growth in relative weight and onset of obesity among female adolescents. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 67(6), 967.

28.   Noll, S. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). A mediational model linking self‐objectification, body shame, and disordered eating. Psychology of women quarterly, 22(4), 623-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00181.x.

29.   Byrne, M. E., Eichen, D. M., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Taylor, C. B., & Wilfley, D. E. (2016). Perfectionism, emotion dysregulation, and affective disturbance in relation to clinical impairment in college-age women at high risk for or with eating disorders. Eating behaviors, 23, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.09.004.

30.   Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (2002). Perfectionism and stress processes in psychopathology. Washington, D.C: American Psychology association. https://doi.org/10.1037.

31.   Frost, R. O., Lahart, C. M., & Rosenblate, R. (1991). The development of perfectionism: A study of daughters and their parents. Cognitive therapy and research, 15(6), 469-489.

32.   Littleton, H. L., Axsom, D., & Pury, C. L. (2005). Development of the body image concern inventory. Behaviour Research and therapy, 43(2), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.006.

33.   Hooman, H.A. (2016). Structural equation modeling using LISREL software (with modifications). Samt Publications.

34.   Dryden, C., & Anderson, J. (2019). The dark triad, trait-based self-objectification, and body image concerns in young women. Personality and Individual Differences, 145, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.015.

35.   Zakiei, A., Ghasemi, S. R., Gilan, N. R., Reshadat, S., Sharifi, K., & Mohammadi, O. (2017). Mediator role of experiential avoidance in relationship of perceived stress and alexithymia with mental health. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 23(5), 335-341.

36.   Fulton, J. J., Lavender, J. M., Tull, M. T., Klein, A. S., Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Gratz, K. L. (2012). The relationship between anxiety sensitivity and disordered eating: The mediating role of experiential avoidance. Eating behaviors, 13(2), 166-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.12.003.

37.   Cicmil, N., & Eli, K. (2014). Body image among eating disorder patients with disabilities: A review of published case studies. Body image, 11(3), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.04.001.

38.   Hill, A. P., & Davis, P. A. (2014). Perfectionism and emotion regulation in coaches: A test of the 2× 2 model of dispositional perfectionism. Motivation and Emotion, 38(5), 715-726.

39.   Della Longa, N. M., & De Young, K. P. (2018). Experiential avoidance, eating expectancies, and binge eating: A preliminary test of an adaption of the Acquired Preparedness model of eating disorder risk. Appetite, 120, 423-430.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.022.

40.   40.  Espel, H. M., Goldstein, S. P., Manasse, S. M., & Juarascio, A. S. (2016). Experiential acceptance, motivation for recovery, and treatment outcome in eating disorders. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 21(2), 205-210.

41.   41.  Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2015). The role of self-objectification in the mental health of early adolescent girls: Predictors and consequences. Journal of pediatric psychology, 40(7), 704-711. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsv021.

42.   42.  Sharifi, K., &Mohammadi, O.(2017). Mediator role experiential avoidance in relationship of perceived stress and alexithymia with mental health. East Mediterr Health J, 23(5), 335-341. https://doi.org/10.26719/2017.23.5.335.

43.  43.  Cook-Cottone, C. P. (2015). Incorporating positive body image into the treatment of eating disorders: A model for attunement and mindful self-care. Body image, 14, 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.004.