الگوی کشف فرصت‌های کارآفرینی در ایجاد کسب وکارهای خرد با نقش محوری زنان
محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعهیوسف محمد کریمی 1 , محسن اکبری 2 , مهدی یزدان پرست 3
1 - استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه گیلان، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران،
کلید واژه: زنان, کارآفرینی, کشف فرصت, کسب و کار خرد,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش تدوین الگوی استراتژیک کشف فرصت‌های کارآفرینی در ایجاد کسب‌وکارهای خرد با نقش محوری زنان است. این پژوهش به روش آمیخته اکتشافی انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، شامل کارآفرینان زن معرفی شده توسط استانداری استان گیلان در سال 1398 می باشد. در این پژوهش از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و با هدف دست یافتن به حد اشباع نظری داده‌ها استفاده شد. بطوریکه، با 20 نفر مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته انجام گردید، و عوامل مؤثر بر کشف فرصت‌های کارآفرینی در ایجاد کسب‌وکارهای خرد از طریق نظریه داده بنیاد و با استفاده از MAXQDA10، مورد کاوش قرار گرفت. سپس در بخش کمی، پرسشنامه 58 گویه ای مستخرج از چهارچوب نهایی پژوهش (مرور ادبیات و مدل کیفی) تدوین و در اختیار 140 نفر از فعالان حوزه کارآفرینی استان گیلان قرار گرفت. داده های حاصل از پرسشنامه از طریق آزمون تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار لیزرل مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. به منظور تعیین اعتبار پژوهش از دو روش بازبینی مشارکت‌کنندگان و مرور خبرگان غیر شرکت کننده در پژوهش (اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه) استفاده شد، و برای تعیین روایی، سازه پرسشنامه به روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی بررسی گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که عوامل اقتصادی و عوامل مدیریتی بیش‌ترین تأثیر را در ایجاد کسب وکارهای خرد توسط زنان دارد.
The purpose of the research is to develop a strategic model of discovering entrepreneurial opportunities in the creation of micro businesses with the central role of women. This research has been done by exploratory mixed method. The statistical population of the study includes female entrepreneurs introduced by the Guilan governorate in 1398. Purposeful sampling was used in this study to achieve theoretical data saturation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 people, exploring the factors affecting the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities in micro-businesses through the foundation data theory using MAXQDA10. Then, in the quantitative section, a 58-item questionnaire developed from the final framework of the study (literature review and qualitative model) was developed and distributed to 140 entrepreneurs in Guilan province. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis using LISREL software. In order to determine the validity of the research, two methods of participant review and review of non-participating experts (faculty members) were used. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that economic factors and managerial factors have the most influence on the creation of micro businesses by women.
-Abbas Zadeh. Mohammad, (2012), "Reflection on Reliability and Reliability in Qualitative Research", Applied Sociology, 23 (1): 19-34. [In Persian]
-Aramand. Majid, (2012),"Women entrepreneurship in Mongolia: the role of culture on entrepreneurial motivation", Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(1): 68 – 82.
-Ahmadi Kafshani Abdollah; Pouria Noori; Kambiz Talebi, (2019), Analyzing the Knowledge Transfer Process in Family Businesses: A Data Theory Approach, Entrepreneurship Development, 11 (2), 201-220.
-Arasti.Zahra, Nahid.Jovan, Gholipour.Arian, (2015), "Comparing the Level of Social Capital of Women and Men Entrepreneurs in Men and Women Work Areas", Entrepreneurship Development, 7 (1): 17-35. [In Persian]
-Arasti.Zahra, Maleki.Mohammad Mahdi, Valinejad.Mahboubeh, Mubarak.Mohammad Mohsen, (2014), "Women Entrepreneur Motivations in Business Development and its Impact on Business Growth", Women's Studies, 11 (1): 71- 92. [In Persian]
-Agahi. Hussein, Mirakzadeh. Ali Asghar, Taghi Beigi. Masoumeh, (2012), "Prioritizing Factors Affecting the Development of Rural Women's Home Jobs", Journal of Women and Society, 3 (3): 181-202. [In Persian]
-Ahmadi Kafshani. Abdullah, Nouri. Poria, Talebi. Kambiz, (2019), "Exploring the Knowledge Transfer Process in Family Businesses: A Data Theory Approach", Entrepreneurship Development, 11 (2): 201-220. [In Persian]
-Ahmad Zahrani. Maryam, Nick Meram. Sahar, Latifi. Meysam, (2014), "Investigating the Impact of Family Business Properties on Successor Planning (Case Study: Industrial Estates of Tehran Province), Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 7 (2): 243-257. [In Persian]
-Bastian, Bettina Lynda, and Mohammad Reza Zali. (2016), "Entrepreneurial Motives and their antecedents of Men and Women in North Africa and the Middle East." Gender in Management 31(7): 456-478.
-Bettina Lynda Bastian, Yusuf Munir Sidani, Yasmina El Amine, (2018) "Women entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa: A review of knowledge areas and research gaps", Gender in Management, 33(1), 14-29.
-Crespo, N. F. (2017). Cross-cultural differences in the entrepreneurial activity of men and women: A fuzzy-set approach. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 32(4), 281–299.
-Datta, P. B., & Gailey, R. (2012). Empowering women through social entrepreneurship: Case study of a women's cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3): 569-587.
-Dusseja. Anju, (2017), “A critical review of role of women in family business”, International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 3(1): 125-127.
-Eddleston, K. and Sabil, G. (2019), "Women in Family Firms: Unsung Heroes of Business-owning Families", Crittenden, V. (Ed.) Go-to-Market Strategies for Women Entrepreneurs, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 185-194.
-Hantoushzadeh, Maryam and Hesam Zand Hesami, (2014), "Family Business, the Oldest Entrepreneurial Organization", First Regional Conference on Entrepreneurship and Commercialization, Islamshahr, Sama Branch of Islamshahr. [In Persian]
-Henry, C., Foss, L., & Ahl, H. (2016). Gender and entrepreneurship research: A review of methodological approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217–241.
-Henry X. Shi. (2014). “Entrepreneurship in Family Business”. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London. Library of Congress Control Number: 2014931686.
-Hind. Bouzekraoui and Driss. Ferhane (2017), “An Exploratory Study of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Morocco”, Journal of Entrepreneurship: Research & Practice, Vol. 2017, Article ID 869458, DOI: 10.5171/2017.869458.
-Javed G. Hussain, Jonathan M. Scott, Harry Matlay. (2014).”The impact of entrepreneurship education on succession in ethnic minority family firms” .Downloaded by University of Tehran at 13:27-24.
-Kelley, D.J., Brush, C.G., Greene, P.G. and Litovsky, Y. (2016), “Global entrepreneurshipmonitor2012women’sreport”,availableat:www.babson.edu/Academics/centers/blank-center/global research/gem/Documents/ Womens%20Report.pdf
-Kirzner, Israel M. (1997). Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach. Journal of economic Literature, 35(1), 60-85.
-Monteith.William, Laura Camfield, (2019), Business as family, family as business: Female entrepreneurship in Kampala, Uganda, Geoforum journal, 101, 111-121.
-Moghimi.Seyed Mohammad; Nader Seyyed Amiri, (2010), "Factors Affecting the Growth and Development of Family Companies in Tehran Province: A Research in Two Textile and Petroleum Industries", Iranian Management Science Quarterly, 5 (18): 77-104. [In Persian]
-Mantok.Stanzin,(2016), role of women entrepreneurship in promoting women Empowerment, International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 2(10), 48-51.
-Modarresi. Meisam, Zahra Arasti and Kambiz Talebi, (2016), “Women’s entrepreneurship in Iran”, International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8(4): 446-470.
-McKelvie, A., McKenny, A., Lumpkin, G., & Short, J. C. (2014). Corporate entrepreneurship in family businesses: Past contributions and future opportunities. SAGE handbook of family business, 340-363.
-Muldoon, J., Lucy, C. and Lidzy, S. (2019), "The impact of social dominance orientation on female entrepreneurial intention", New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(2), 109-125.
-Olena. Bekh, (2014), Training and support for women’s entrepreneurship” European Training Foundation, Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
-Panda, S. (2018), "Constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in developing countries: review and ranking", Gender in Management, 33(4), 315-331.
-Rezapur nasrabad. Rafat, (2016), "Validity and Reliability Criteria in Qualitative Research", Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 6 (4): 493-499. [In Persian]
-Rezai Mirghaed. Mohsen, (2015), The Process of Creating and Discovering Entrepreneurial Opportunity, Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 8(2): 215-231. [In Persian]
-Rupa Basu, (2016), Analyzing Female Entrepreneurship in a Global Context- The Challenges And The Road Ahead, IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 20(11): 01-04.
-Shruti R. Sardeshmukh. And Andrew C. Corbett. (2011). “The Duality of Internal and External Development of Successors: Opportunity Recognition in Family Firms”. Family Business Review 24(2): 111–125.
-Shateriyan, M., Nasrabadi, Z., Mansourian, F. (2017), an Analysis of the Obstacles to Entrepreneurship in Rural Women in Kashan City, Quarterly Journal of Rural Space and Rural Development, 6(21), 181-196. [In Persian]
-Shokouhi.Javad, Hafseh Raeesi shahrouee, Nour Mohammad Yaghoubi, (2019), Identification and Prioritization of Social Entrepreneurship Development Strategies in Women-Headed Households (Case Study: Sistan and Baluchestan Province), Journal of Women and Society, 9 (3), 245-270. [In Persian]
-Welsh, D. H., Kaciak, E., Memili, E., & Minialai, C. (2018). Business-Family Interface and the Performance of Women Entrepreneurs: The Moderating Effect of Economic Development. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(2), 330-349.
-Whetten, D., Foreman, P., & Dyer, W.G. (2014). Organizational identity and family business. In L. Melin, M. Nordqvist, & P. Sharma (Eds.), The Sage handbook of family business (pp. 480–497). London: Sage.
-Zellweger, T., Nason, R., Nordqvist, M., & Brush, C. (2011). Why do family firms strive for nonfinancial goals? An organizational identity perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00466.x.
_||_