دوگانگیِ ارزش ـ ادب در مسأله‌ی پوشش زن؛ سنجشی واقع‌گرایانه
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
رحیم دهقان سیمکانی
1
(استادیار دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: حجاب, ارزش, آداب, اخلاق, واقع‌گرایی,
چکیده مقاله :
آیا حجاب، از جمله ارزشهای اخلاقی بوده و ریشه در تکوین دارد یا در زمرهی آداب محسوب شده و به اعتبار و عرف وابسته است؟ پاسخ به این مسأله نیازمند تبیین معیار تمایز آداب از ارزشها است. بر اساس تفاوتهای بین ارزشها و آداب، معیار تمایز ارزش از ادب را میتوان اینگونه دانست؛ هر مقولهی ارزشی که 1- مربوط به ساحت درونیِ انسان باشد؛ 2- منشأ تکوینی داشته باشد؛ 3- استدلالپذیر باشد؛ 4- ارتباط مستقیم با سعادت انسان داشته باشد؛ و 5- مشترک بین همگان باشد؛ ارزش اخلاقی محسوب خواهد شد. در غیر این صورت، به شرط اینکه از خصایص آداب برخوردار باشد، باید آن را در زمرهی آداب قرار داد. این خصایص پنجگانه در مقولهی «حجاب» و پوشش زن وجود دارد. بر این اساس، حجاب، برخلاف آداب، امری وضعی و اعتباری نیست، و حقیقتِ ارزش بودنِ آن به شرایط جوامع بستگی ندارد. این مقاله، ضمن تبیین معیار تمایز آداب از ارزشها، تلاش نموده تا با روش تحلیلی و کیفی، با تأکید بر آراء تفسیریِ آیتالله جوادی آملی، نشان دهد که حجاب ریشه در واقع دارد. از این رو، تلقّی برخی نواندیشان مبنی بر قرار دادن حجاب در زمرهی آداب و اتّخاذ رهیافت ناواقعگرایانه در مورد آن، موجّه نیست.
Is "hijab" an ethical value rooted in reality or considered as a custom which is related to different communities and traditions? The answer to this question requires a clear criterion for differentiating customs from values. Based on the differences between values and customs, we can say; any value which is original, reasonable, and common to everyone, relates to man's inner dimension, and if it is contacted to humans’ happiness, it is moral value, otherwise it should be placed among customs. These five features exist in the category of "hijab" and therefore hijab is an ethical value. Accordingly, hijab, is rooted in nature and it does not depend on the circumstances of different communities and traditions. This article clarifies the criteria for the distinction between customs and values, and also with a method of analysis, with an emphasis on the views of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, in an effort to show that "hijab" is a virtue. Hence the belief of those who consider "hijab" as a custom is not acceptable.
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