نقد و بررسی دیدگاه‌های مربوط به تعدد زوجات در پرتو اصل معاشرت به معروف
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
معصومه حافظی
1
(مدرس دانشگاه فرهنگیان قم(گروه آموزشی الهیات))
کاظم قاضی زاده
2
(استادیار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس قم قم (گروه آموزشی علوم قرآن).)
کلید واژه: تعدد زوجات, اصل معاشرت به معروف, همسران,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش به هدف ترسیم دیدگاه قرآن کریم در خصوص جایگاه تعدد زوجات در جامعهی فعلی دنبال گشته و داده‌ها از قرآن کریم، تفاسیر و کتاب‌های صاحبنظران علوم دینی گردآوری گشته و از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی استفاده شده است. موضوع تعدد زوجات همواره در اندیشهی صاحبنظران، از دیدگاه‌های متفاوت و یا ضد و نقیض برخوردار بوده است. این پژوهش با بررسی مستند قرآنی تعدد زوجات، در پرتو اصل اخلاقی ـ حقوقی معاشرت به معروف، دیدگاه‌های مربوط به استحباب، منع مطلق، منع حاکم در غیر اضطرار فردی و نیز جوازی که اصل را بر تعدد زوجات شمرده، با اصل مزبور همخوان نمی‌یابد؛ بلکه الگوی مستفاد از آموزه‌های قرآن کریم را بر جوازی می‌یابد که اصل را بر تک‌همسری می‌داند و تعدد زوجات در جامعهی معاصر را در غیر ضرورت‌های فردی و اجتماعی که نارضایتی همسر اول را بهدنبال دارد، مصداقی از سوء معاشرت می‌خواند؛ زیرا رنجش زن از ازدواج مجدد همسر خود در جامعهی فعلی، واقعیتی انکارناپذیر است و لزوم رفتار شایسته با همسر و حفظ حرمت وی، هرگز به مرد اجازه نمی‌دهد که با ازدواج مجدد در غیر ضرورت‌های فردی و اجتماعی، رنجش همسرش را موجب گردد. بهعلاوه آنکه توجه به سیاق آیهی مربوطه مبنی بر محدود نمودن تعدد زوجات بی‌حد و اندازه اعراب عصر نزول وحی به چهار زن و نیز شرط عدالت‌ورزی در آن، مدلول روشنی بر این واقعیت است.
This study describes the place of polygamy in the present society based on Quran. Data has been derived from Quran, interpretation, and the books written by religious science experts. Descriptive and analytical method has been used in this article. The subject of polygamy has been always investigated from different and contradictory viewpoints of experts. Documentary about polygamy according to Quran, the principle of moral and legal sociability, some viewpoints related to religious preference, the approval of polygamy, reverence and also judge's prohibition in non-emergency are not compatible with aforesaid principle. But based on Quran's viewpoint, monogamy is the principle and it says, in contemporary society, polygamy means social abuse in unnecessary situations. Because of the need of an appropriate behavior with women in contemporary society, men are never allowed to remarry since it can cause their wife’s suffering. In addition, referring to the related verse based on limitation and reformation of Arab customs of revelation age is a clear referent of this fact.
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